O panorama
2 Samuel 23 abre com “Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was…”, muda perto do versículo 20 com “And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many…” e termina com “Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.”. Esses pontos traçam o movimento próprio do capítulo, da abertura à conclusão.
A Escritura ao lado do resumo
2 Samuel · Versão King James · 392 Samuel 23:1-8
Versículos 1–8: These be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the…
2 Samuel 23:1–8 abre com “Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up…” e chega a “These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief…” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve Veja o que o povo leva adiante e como 2 Samuel prepara o próximo movimento das Escrituras.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
“Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed…” Nomear David mantém o relato ligado a pessoas ou lugares concretos. Acompanhe onde o nome retorna e o que muda ao redor dele.
“The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of…” A ordem não pode ser entendida apenas pelo verbo. O destinatário, o propósito e seu lugar na aliança ou argumento definem a responsabilidade.
“Although my house be not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and…” A linguagem de promessa, bênção ou aliança precisa de seu destinatário e alcance. Esses detalhes impedem que uma palavra pessoal da história seja separada do contexto.
2 Samuel 23:1-8
Versão King James1Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,
2The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.
3The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God.
4And he shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun riseth, even a morning without clouds; as the tender grass springing out of the earth by clear shining after rain.
5Although my house be not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and sure: for this is all my salvation, and all my desire, although he make it not to grow.
6But the sons of Belial shall be all of them as thorns thrust away, because they cannot be taken with hands:
7But the man that shall touch them must be fenced with iron and the staff of a spear; and they shall be utterly burned with fire in the same place.
8These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.
2 Samuel 23:9-16
Versículos 9–16: After him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three…
2 Samuel 23:9–16 abre com “And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David…” e chega a “And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the…” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve Veja o que o povo leva adiante e como 2 Samuel prepara o próximo movimento das Escrituras.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
“And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the…” O número one torna o relato concreto. Antes de decidir seu peso, observe se mede tempo, pessoas, distância, repetição ou totalidade.
“And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where…” Nomear Philistines e Agee mantém o relato ligado a pessoas ou lugares concretos. Acompanhe onde o nome retorna e o que muda ao redor dele.
“And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop…” O número three torna o relato concreto. Antes de decidir seu peso, observe se mede tempo, pessoas, distância, repetição ou totalidade.
“And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Beth-lehem, which is by the…” O número one torna o relato concreto. Antes de decidir seu peso, observe se mede tempo, pessoas, distância, repetição ou totalidade.
2 Samuel 23:9-16
Versão King James9And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away:
10He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil.
11And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines.
12But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a great victory.
13And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.
14And David was then in an hold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Beth-lehem.
15And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Beth-lehem, which is by the gate!
16And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: nevertheless he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD .
2 Samuel 23:17-24
Versículos 17–24: He said, Be it far from me, O LORD , that I should do this: is not this…
2 Samuel 23:17–24 abre com “And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD , that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men…” e chega a “Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth-lehem,” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve Veja o que o povo leva adiante e como 2 Samuel prepara o próximo movimento das Escrituras.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
Este bloco contém 2 perguntas. Elas não são simples pontuação: mostram onde uma voz procura, desafia, teme ou tenta compreender.
“And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD , that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy…” A pergunta desacelera a passagem. Observe quem precisa responder, o que ela pressupõe e se as linhas seguintes apresentam uma resposta.
“Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three.” A pergunta desacelera a passagem. Observe quem precisa responder, o que ela pressupõe e se as linhas seguintes apresentam uma resposta.
“And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff…” Nomear Egyptian mantém o relato ligado a pessoas ou lugares concretos. Acompanhe onde o nome retorna e o que muda ao redor dele.
2 Samuel 23:17-24
Versão King James17And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD , that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their lives? therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mighty men.
18And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and slew them, and had the name among three.
19Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three.
20And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lionlike men of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow:
21And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and slew him with his own spear.
22These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among three mighty men.
23He was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard.
24Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth-lehem,
2 Samuel 23:25-32
Versículos 25–32: Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,
2 Samuel 23:25–32 abre com “Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,” e chega a “Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve Veja o que o povo leva adiante e como 2 Samuel prepara o próximo movimento das Escrituras.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
“Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,” Nomear Harodite e Elika mantém o relato ligado a pessoas ou lugares concretos. Acompanhe onde o nome retorna e o que muda ao redor dele.
2 Samuel 23:25-32
Versão King James25Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,
26Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
27Abiezer the Anethothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,
28Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite,
29Heleb the son of Baanah, a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin,
30Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash,
31Abi-albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,
32Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,
2 Samuel 23:33-39
Versículos 33–39: Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,
2 Samuel 23:33–39 abre com “Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,” e chega a “Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve Veja o que o povo leva adiante e como 2 Samuel prepara o próximo movimento das Escrituras.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
“Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,” Nomear Hararite e Ahiam mantém o relato ligado a pessoas ou lugares concretos. Acompanhe onde o nome retorna e o que muda ao redor dele.
2 Samuel 23:33-39
Versão King James33Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,
34Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,
35Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite,
36Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,
37Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, armourbearer to Joab the son of Zeruiah,
38Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite,
39Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.
Detalhes que merecem atenção
A imagem de abertura
2 Samuel 23:1 começa com “Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet…”
Onde o capítulo muda
2 Samuel 23:19 forma uma mudança natural: “Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three.”
A nota final
2 Samuel 23:39 deixa o leitor com “Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.”
Um caminho de palavras pelo capítulo
As palavras David, Philistines, slew, spear, LORD, mighty ajudam a revelar as preocupações repetidas do capítulo.
Primeiro o texto
Onde os leitores divergem
O resumo começa com o que a passagem diz e como suas partes se relacionam. Ele não presume que uma denominação já resolveu todas as questões. A dependência de uma tradição, teoria literária ou reconstrução histórica é claramente identificada.
O texto KJV aparece primeiro. As conclusões interpretativas são identificadas, e as diferenças surgem quando ajudam a explicar por que comunidades sérias nem sempre chegam à mesma resposta.
As notas interpretativas comparativas deste capítulo estão em preparação. Até que as notas revisadas estejam prontas, esta página separa o texto KJV do resumo e da aplicação sem afirmar que leitores responsáveis concordam em todas as questões.