O panorama
Deuteronômio 19 abre com “When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee…”, muda perto do versículo 11 com “But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and…” e termina com “And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth…”. Esses pontos traçam o movimento próprio do capítulo, da abertura à conclusão.
A Escritura ao lado do resumo
Deuteronômio · Versão King James · 21Deuteronômio 19:1-7
Versículos 1–7: When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy…
Deuteronômio 19:1–7 abre com “When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and…” e chega a “Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee.” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve Deuteronômio 19 se desenvolve por meio de suas próprias vozes, ações, afirmações e consequências.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
“When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and…” O versículo nomeia God em vez de deixar a ação sem uma fonte. Observe se a linha seguinte continua, responde ou contrasta essa ação.
“Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.” O número three torna o relato concreto. Antes de decidir seu peso, observe se mede tempo, pessoas, distância, repetição ou totalidade.
“Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into…” A linguagem de promessa, bênção ou aliança precisa de seu destinatário e alcance. Esses detalhes impedem que uma palavra pessoal da história seja separada do contexto.
Deuteronômio 19:1-7
Versão King James1When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses;
2Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.
3Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither.
4And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past;
5As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live:
6Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him; whereas he was not worthy of death, inasmuch as he hated him not in time past.
7Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee.
Deuteronômio 19:8-14
Versículos 8–14: If the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy…
Deuteronômio 19:8–14 abre com “And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all…” e chega a “Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour’s landmark, which they of old time have set in thine…” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve Deuteronômio 19 se desenvolve por meio de suas próprias vozes, ações, afirmações e consequências.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
“And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he…” O versículo nomeia God em vez de deixar a ação sem uma fonte. Observe se a linha seguinte continua, responde ou contrasta essa ação.
“If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to…” O número three torna o relato concreto. Antes de decidir seu peso, observe se mede tempo, pessoas, distância, repetição ou totalidade.
“That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be…” O versículo nomeia God em vez de deixar a ação sem uma fonte. Observe se a linha seguinte continua, responde ou contrasta essa ação.
Deuteronômio 19:8-14
Versão King James8And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto thy fathers;
9If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, beside these three:
10That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee.
11But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these cities:
12Then the elders of his city shall send and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die.
13Thine eye shall not pity him, but thou shalt put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with thee.
14Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour’s landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.
Deuteronômio 19:15-21
Versículos 15–21: One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any…
Deuteronômio 19:15–21 abre com “One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he…” e chega a “And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for…” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve Deuteronômio 19 se desenvolve por meio de suas próprias vozes, ações, afirmações e consequências.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
“One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth…” A ordem não pode ser entendida apenas pelo verbo. O destinatário, o propósito e seu lugar na aliança ou argumento definem a responsabilidade.
“If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong;” Os termos próprios desta linha incluem false, rise, testify. A relação com os versículos 15 e 17 permite verificar sua função na passagem.
Deuteronômio 19:15-21
Versão King James15One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established.
16If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong;
17Then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the LORD , before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days;
18And the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother;
19Then shall ye do unto him, as he had thought to have done unto his brother: so shalt thou put the evil away from among you.
20And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you.
21And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
Detalhes que merecem atenção
A imagem de abertura
Deuteronomy 19:1 começa com “When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in…”
Onde o capítulo muda
Deuteronomy 19:11 forma uma mudança natural: “But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these…”
A nota final
Deuteronomy 19:21 deixa o leitor com “And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.”
Um caminho de palavras pelo capítulo
As palavras LORD, cities, land, blood, giveth, hand ajudam a revelar as preocupações repetidas do capítulo.
Primeiro o texto
Onde os leitores divergem
O resumo começa com o que a passagem diz e como suas partes se relacionam. Ele não presume que uma denominação já resolveu todas as questões. A dependência de uma tradição, teoria literária ou reconstrução histórica é claramente identificada.
O texto KJV aparece primeiro. As conclusões interpretativas são identificadas, e as diferenças surgem quando ajudam a explicar por que comunidades sérias nem sempre chegam à mesma resposta.
As notas interpretativas comparativas deste capítulo estão em preparação. Até que as notas revisadas estejam prontas, esta página separa o texto KJV do resumo e da aplicação sem afirmar que leitores responsáveis concordam em todas as questões.
