El panorama
2 Samuel 23 abre con “Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was…”, cambia cerca del versículo 20 con “And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many…” y termina con “Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.”. Estos puntos trazan el movimiento propio del capítulo desde su inicio hasta su conclusión.
Las Escrituras junto al resumen
2 Samuel · Versión King James · 392 Samuel 23:1-8
Versículos 1–8: These be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the…
2 Samuel 23:1–8 abre con “Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up…” y llega a “These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Observa lo que el pueblo lleva consigo y cómo 2 Samuel prepara el siguiente movimiento de las Escrituras.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed…” Nombrar a David mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
“The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of…” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
“Although my house be not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and…” El lenguaje de promesa, bendición o pacto necesita su destinatario y alcance. Esos detalles impiden separar del contexto una palabra personal de la historia.
2 Samuel 23:1-8
Versión King James1Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,
2The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.
3The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God.
4And he shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun riseth, even a morning without clouds; as the tender grass springing out of the earth by clear shining after rain.
5Although my house be not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and sure: for this is all my salvation, and all my desire, although he make it not to grow.
6But the sons of Belial shall be all of them as thorns thrust away, because they cannot be taken with hands:
7But the man that shall touch them must be fenced with iron and the staff of a spear; and they shall be utterly burned with fire in the same place.
8These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.
2 Samuel 23:9-16
Versículos 9–16: After him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three…
2 Samuel 23:9–16 abre con “And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David…” y llega a “And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Observa lo que el pueblo lleva consigo y cómo 2 Samuel prepara el siguiente movimiento de las Escrituras.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the…” El número one hace concreto el relato. Antes de decidir su peso, observa si mide tiempo, personas, distancia, repetición o totalidad.
“And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where…” Nombrar a Philistines y Agee mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
“And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop…” El número three hace concreto el relato. Antes de decidir su peso, observa si mide tiempo, personas, distancia, repetición o totalidad.
“And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Beth-lehem, which is by the…” El número one hace concreto el relato. Antes de decidir su peso, observa si mide tiempo, personas, distancia, repetición o totalidad.
2 Samuel 23:9-16
Versión King James9And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away:
10He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil.
11And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines.
12But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a great victory.
13And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.
14And David was then in an hold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Beth-lehem.
15And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Beth-lehem, which is by the gate!
16And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: nevertheless he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD .
2 Samuel 23:17-24
Versículos 17–24: He said, Be it far from me, O LORD , that I should do this: is not this…
2 Samuel 23:17–24 abre con “And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD , that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men…” y llega a “Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth-lehem,” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Observa lo que el pueblo lleva consigo y cómo 2 Samuel prepara el siguiente movimiento de las Escrituras.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
Este bloque contiene 2 preguntas. No son simple puntuación: muestran dónde una voz busca, desafía, teme o intenta comprender.
“And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD , that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy…” La pregunta hace que el pasaje avance con más calma. Observa quién debe responder, qué presupone y si las líneas siguientes ofrecen una respuesta.
“Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three.” La pregunta hace que el pasaje avance con más calma. Observa quién debe responder, qué presupone y si las líneas siguientes ofrecen una respuesta.
“And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff…” Nombrar a Egyptian mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
2 Samuel 23:17-24
Versión King James17And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD , that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their lives? therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mighty men.
18And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and slew them, and had the name among three.
19Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three.
20And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lionlike men of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow:
21And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and slew him with his own spear.
22These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among three mighty men.
23He was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard.
24Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth-lehem,
2 Samuel 23:25-32
Versículos 25–32: Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,
2 Samuel 23:25–32 abre con “Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,” y llega a “Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Observa lo que el pueblo lleva consigo y cómo 2 Samuel prepara el siguiente movimiento de las Escrituras.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,” Nombrar a Harodite y Elika mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
2 Samuel 23:25-32
Versión King James25Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,
26Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
27Abiezer the Anethothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,
28Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite,
29Heleb the son of Baanah, a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin,
30Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash,
31Abi-albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,
32Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,
2 Samuel 23:33-39
Versículos 33–39: Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,
2 Samuel 23:33–39 abre con “Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,” y llega a “Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Observa lo que el pueblo lleva consigo y cómo 2 Samuel prepara el siguiente movimiento de las Escrituras.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,” Nombrar a Hararite y Ahiam mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
2 Samuel 23:33-39
Versión King James33Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,
34Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,
35Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite,
36Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,
37Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, armourbearer to Joab the son of Zeruiah,
38Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite,
39Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.
Detalles que vale la pena notar
La imagen inicial
2 Samuel 23:1 comienza con “Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet…”
Dónde cambia el capítulo
2 Samuel 23:19 forma un giro natural: “Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three.”
La nota final
2 Samuel 23:39 deja al lector con “Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.”
Un recorrido de palabras por el capítulo
Las palabras David, Philistines, slew, spear, LORD, mighty ayudan a revelar las preocupaciones que se repiten en el capítulo.
Primero el texto
Donde difieren los lectores
El resumen comienza con lo que dice el pasaje y cómo se relacionan sus partes. No supone que una denominación ya haya resuelto cada pregunta. Toda dependencia de una tradición, teoría literaria o reconstrucción histórica se identifica con claridad.
El texto KJV aparece primero. Las conclusiones interpretativas se identifican, y las diferencias se presentan cuando ayudan a explicar por qué las comunidades serias no siempre llegan a la misma respuesta.
Las notas interpretativas comparativas de este capítulo están en preparación. Hasta que las notas revisadas estén listas, esta página separa el texto KJV del resumen y la aplicación sin afirmar que todos los lectores serios coinciden en cada cuestión.