El panorama
Deuteronomio 19 abre con “When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee…”, cambia cerca del versículo 11 con “But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and…” y termina con “And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth…”. Estos puntos trazan el movimiento propio del capítulo desde su inicio hasta su conclusión.
Las Escrituras junto al resumen
Deuteronomio · Versión King James · 21Deuteronomio 19:1-7
Versículos 1–7: When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy…
Deuteronomio 19:1–7 abre con “When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and…” y llega a “Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee.” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Deuteronomio 19 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and…” El versículo nombra a God en vez de dejar la acción sin una fuente. Observa si la línea siguiente continúa, responde o contrasta esa acción.
“Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.” El número three hace concreto el relato. Antes de decidir su peso, observa si mide tiempo, personas, distancia, repetición o totalidad.
“Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into…” El lenguaje de promesa, bendición o pacto necesita su destinatario y alcance. Esos detalles impiden separar del contexto una palabra personal de la historia.
Deuteronomio 19:1-7
Versión King James1When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses;
2Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.
3Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither.
4And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past;
5As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live:
6Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him; whereas he was not worthy of death, inasmuch as he hated him not in time past.
7Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee.
Deuteronomio 19:8-14
Versículos 8–14: If the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy…
Deuteronomio 19:8–14 abre con “And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all…” y llega a “Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour’s landmark, which they of old time have set in thine…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Deuteronomio 19 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he…” El versículo nombra a God en vez de dejar la acción sin una fuente. Observa si la línea siguiente continúa, responde o contrasta esa acción.
“If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to…” El número three hace concreto el relato. Antes de decidir su peso, observa si mide tiempo, personas, distancia, repetición o totalidad.
“That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be…” El versículo nombra a God en vez de dejar la acción sin una fuente. Observa si la línea siguiente continúa, responde o contrasta esa acción.
Deuteronomio 19:8-14
Versión King James8And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto thy fathers;
9If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, beside these three:
10That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee.
11But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these cities:
12Then the elders of his city shall send and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die.
13Thine eye shall not pity him, but thou shalt put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with thee.
14Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour’s landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.
Deuteronomio 19:15-21
Versículos 15–21: One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any…
Deuteronomio 19:15–21 abre con “One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he…” y llega a “And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Deuteronomio 19 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth…” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
“If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong;” Los términos propios de esta línea incluyen false, rise, testify. Su relación con los versículos 15 y 17 permite comprobar su función dentro del pasaje.
Deuteronomio 19:15-21
Versión King James15One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established.
16If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong;
17Then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the LORD , before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days;
18And the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother;
19Then shall ye do unto him, as he had thought to have done unto his brother: so shalt thou put the evil away from among you.
20And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you.
21And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
Detalles que vale la pena notar
La imagen inicial
Deuteronomy 19:1 comienza con “When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in…”
Dónde cambia el capítulo
Deuteronomy 19:11 forma un giro natural: “But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these…”
La nota final
Deuteronomy 19:21 deja al lector con “And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.”
Un recorrido de palabras por el capítulo
Las palabras LORD, cities, land, blood, giveth, hand ayudan a revelar las preocupaciones que se repiten en el capítulo.
Primero el texto
Donde difieren los lectores
El resumen comienza con lo que dice el pasaje y cómo se relacionan sus partes. No supone que una denominación ya haya resuelto cada pregunta. Toda dependencia de una tradición, teoría literaria o reconstrucción histórica se identifica con claridad.
El texto KJV aparece primero. Las conclusiones interpretativas se identifican, y las diferencias se presentan cuando ayudan a explicar por qué las comunidades serias no siempre llegan a la misma respuesta.
Las notas interpretativas comparativas de este capítulo están en preparación. Hasta que las notas revisadas estén listas, esta página separa el texto KJV del resumen y la aplicación sin afirmar que todos los lectores serios coinciden en cada cuestión.
