El panorama
Deuteronomio 20 abre con “When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and…”, cambia cerca del versículo 10 con “When thou comest nigh unto a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace unto it.” y termina con “Only the trees which thou knowest that they be not trees for meat, thou shalt destroy…”. Estos puntos trazan el movimiento propio del capítulo desde su inicio hasta su conclusión.
Las Escrituras junto al resumen
Deuteronomio · Versión King James · 20Deuteronomio 20:1-7
Versículos 1–7: When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses…
Deuteronomio 20:1–7 abre con “When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a…” y llega a “And what man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not taken her? let him go and return…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Deuteronomio 20 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
Este bloque contiene 3 preguntas. No son simple puntuación: muestran dónde una voz busca, desafía, teme o intenta comprender.
“When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a people more than thou, be…” Nombrar a Egypt mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
“And it shall be, when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak unto the people,” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
“And shall say unto them, Hear, O Israel, ye approach this day unto battle against your enemies: let not your hearts…” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
Deuteronomio 20:1-7
Versión King James1When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a people more than thou, be not afraid of them: for the LORD thy God is with thee, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.
2And it shall be, when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak unto the people,
3And shall say unto them, Hear, O Israel, ye approach this day unto battle against your enemies: let not your hearts faint, fear not, and do not tremble, neither be ye terrified because of them;
4For the LORD your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.
5And the officers shall speak unto the people, saying, What man is there that hath built a new house, and hath not dedicated it? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man dedicate it.
6And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet eaten of it? let him also go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man eat of it.
7And what man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not taken her? let him go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man take her.
Deuteronomio 20:8-14
Versículos 8–14: The officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say…
Deuteronomio 20:8–14 abre con “And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that…” y llega a “But the women, and the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Deuteronomio 20 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
Este bloque contiene 1 preguntas. No son simple puntuación: muestran dónde una voz busca, desafía, teme o intenta comprender.
“And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that is fearful and…” La pregunta hace que el pasaje avance con más calma. Observa quién debe responder, qué presupone y si las líneas siguientes ofrecen una respuesta.
“And it shall be, when the officers have made an end of speaking unto the people, that they shall make captains of the…” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
Deuteronomio 20:8-14
Versión King James8And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted? let him go and return unto his house, lest his brethren’s heart faint as well as his heart.
9And it shall be, when the officers have made an end of speaking unto the people, that they shall make captains of the armies to lead the people.
10When thou comest nigh unto a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace unto it.
11And it shall be, if it make thee answer of peace, and open unto thee, then it shall be, that all the people that is found therein shall be tributaries unto thee, and they shall serve thee.
12And if it will make no peace with thee, but will make war against thee, then thou shalt besiege it:
13And when the LORD thy God hath delivered it into thine hands, thou shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword:
14But the women, and the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the spoil thereof, shalt thou take unto thyself; and thou shalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the LORD thy God hath given thee.
Deuteronomio 20:15-20
Versículos 15–20: Thus shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far off from thee…
Deuteronomio 20:15–20 abre con “Thus shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far off from thee, which are not of the…” y llega a “Only the trees which thou knowest that they be not trees for meat, thou shalt destroy and cut…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Deuteronomio 20 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“Thus shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far off from thee, which are not of the cities of these nations.” Los términos propios de esta línea incluyen cities, nations. Su relación con los versículos 16 permite comprobar su función dentro del pasaje.
“But of the cities of these people, which the LORD thy God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive…” El versículo nombra a God en vez de dejar la acción sin una fuente. Observa si la línea siguiente continúa, responde o contrasta esa acción.
“But thou shalt utterly destroy them; namely, the Hittites, and the Amorites, the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, the…” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
Deuteronomio 20:15-20
Versión King James15Thus shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far off from thee, which are not of the cities of these nations.
16But of the cities of these people, which the LORD thy God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth:
17But thou shalt utterly destroy them; namely, the Hittites, and the Amorites, the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee:
18That they teach you not to do after all their abominations, which they have done unto their gods; so should ye sin against the LORD your God.
19When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, in making war against it to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by forcing an axe against them: for thou mayest eat of them, and thou shalt not cut them down (for the tree of the field is man’s life) to employ them in the siege:
20Only the trees which thou knowest that they be not trees for meat, thou shalt destroy and cut them down; and thou shalt build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it be subdued.
Detalles que vale la pena notar
La imagen inicial
Deuteronomy 20:1 comienza con “When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a people more than thou, be not afraid of them: for the LORD thy…”
Dónde cambia el capítulo
Deuteronomy 20:8 forma un giro natural: “And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted? let him go and return unto…”
La nota final
Deuteronomy 20:20 deja al lector con “Only the trees which thou knowest that they be not trees for meat, thou shalt destroy and cut them down; and thou shalt build bulwarks against the city…”
Un recorrido de palabras por el capítulo
Las palabras people, LORD, battle, house, city, enemies ayudan a revelar las preocupaciones que se repiten en el capítulo.
Primero el texto
Donde difieren los lectores
El resumen comienza con lo que dice el pasaje y cómo se relacionan sus partes. No supone que una denominación ya haya resuelto cada pregunta. Toda dependencia de una tradición, teoría literaria o reconstrucción histórica se identifica con claridad.
El texto KJV aparece primero. Las conclusiones interpretativas se identifican, y las diferencias se presentan cuando ayudan a explicar por qué las comunidades serias no siempre llegan a la misma respuesta.
Las notas interpretativas comparativas de este capítulo están en preparación. Hasta que las notas revisadas estén listas, esta página separa el texto KJV del resumen y la aplicación sin afirmar que todos los lectores serios coinciden en cada cuestión.