El panorama
Éxodo 21 abre con “Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.”, cambia cerca del versículo 18 con “And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he…” y termina con “Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not…”. Estos puntos trazan el movimiento propio del capítulo desde su inicio hasta su conclusión.
Las Escrituras junto al resumen
Éxodo · Versión King James · 36Éxodo 21:1-8
Versículos 1–8: These are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.
Éxodo 21:1–8 abre con “Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.” y llega a “If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Sigue los mandatos y responsabilidades que dan forma a la misericordia, la justicia, la pureza, el trabajo y el amor al prójimo en Éxodo.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.” Los términos propios de esta línea incluyen judgments. Su relación con los versículos 2 permite comprobar su función dentro del pasaje.
“If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him.” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
“And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free:” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
Éxodo 21:1-8
Versión King James1Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.
2If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.
3If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him.
4If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out by himself.
5And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free:
6Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever.
7And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.
8If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her.
Éxodo 21:9-16
Versículos 9–16: If he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the…
Éxodo 21:9–16 abre con “And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.” y llega a “And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Sigue los mandatos y responsabilidades que dan forma a la misericordia, la justicia, la pureza, el trabajo y el amor al prójimo en Éxodo.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
“And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
Éxodo 21:9-16
Versión King James9And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.
10If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.
11And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.
12He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death.
13And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee.
14But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.
15And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.
16And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.
Éxodo 21:17-24
Versículos 17–24: He that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death.
Éxodo 21:17–24 abre con “And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death.” y llega a “Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Sigue los mandatos y responsabilidades que dan forma a la misericordia, la justicia, la pureza, el trabajo y el amor al prójimo en Éxodo.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death.” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
“If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss…” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
Éxodo 21:17-24
Versión King James17And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death.
18And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed:
19If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly healed.
20And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished.
21Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money.
22If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman’s husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.
23And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life,
24Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
Éxodo 21:25-32
Versículos 25–32: Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
Éxodo 21:25–32 abre con “Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.” y llega a “If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Sigue los mandatos y responsabilidades que dan forma a la misericordia, la justicia, la pureza, el trabajo y el amor al prójimo en Éxodo.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.” Nombrar a Burning mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
“And if he smite out his manservant’s tooth, or his maidservant’s tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth’s sake.” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
“But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not…” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
Éxodo 21:25-32
Versión King James25Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
26And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye’s sake.
27And if he smite out his manservant’s tooth, or his maidservant’s tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth’s sake.
28If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit.
29But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death.
30If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him.
31Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.
32If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.
Éxodo 21:33-36
Versículos 33–36: If a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover…
Éxodo 21:33–36 abre con “And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an…” y llega a “Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Sigue los mandatos y responsabilidades que dan forma a la misericordia, la justicia, la pureza, el trabajo y el amor al prójimo en Éxodo.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein;” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
Éxodo 21:33-36
Versión King James33And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein;
34The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his.
35And if one man’s ox hurt another’s, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide.
36Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.
Detalles que vale la pena notar
La imagen inicial
Exodus 21:1 comienza con “Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.”
Dónde cambia el capítulo
Exodus 21:14 forma un giro natural: “But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.”
La nota final
Exodus 21:36 deja al lector con “Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his…”
Un recorrido de palabras por el capítulo
Las palabras surely, master, owner, death, free, hand ayudan a revelar las preocupaciones que se repiten en el capítulo.
Primero el texto
Donde difieren los lectores
El resumen comienza con lo que dice el pasaje y cómo se relacionan sus partes. No supone que una denominación ya haya resuelto cada pregunta. Toda dependencia de una tradición, teoría literaria o reconstrucción histórica se identifica con claridad.
El texto KJV aparece primero. Las conclusiones interpretativas se identifican, y las diferencias se presentan cuando ayudan a explicar por qué las comunidades serias no siempre llegan a la misma respuesta.
Las notas interpretativas comparativas de este capítulo están en preparación. Hasta que las notas revisadas estén listas, esta página separa el texto KJV del resumen y la aplicación sin afirmar que todos los lectores serios coinciden en cada cuestión.