The big picture
Deuteronomy 21 opens in verse 1 with “If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it…”, reaches its middle movement near verse 12 with “Then thou shalt bring her home to thine house; and she shall shave her head, and pare…”, and closes in verse 23 with “His body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him…” Repeated or prominent terms include city, LORD, elders, firstborn, hated. Together, those details trace this chapter’s own movement from its opening to its conclusion.
Scripture beside the summary
Deuteronomy · King James Version · 23Deuteronomy 21:1-8
1–8: If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to…
Deuteronomy 21:1–8 opens with “If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the…” and reaches “Be merciful, O LORD , unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Deuteronomy 21 develops its own movement around city, LORD, elders, firstborn, hated, with particular weight carried by slain, city, elders.
Context that brings the passage to life
“If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not…” The number one makes the report concrete. Ask whether it measures time, people, distance, repetition, or completeness before deciding what weight it carries.
“And it shall be, that the city which is next unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.
“And the priests the sons of Levi shall come near; for them the LORD thy God hath chosen to minister unto him, and to…” The promise, blessing, or covenant language needs its named recipient and scope. Those details prevent a personal word in the story from becoming a promise detached from context.
Deuteronomy 21:1-8
King James Version1If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath slain him:
2Then thy elders and thy judges shall come forth, and they shall measure unto the cities which are round about him that is slain:
3And it shall be, that the city which is next unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke;
4And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which is neither eared nor sown, and shall strike off the heifer’s neck there in the valley:
5And the priests the sons of Levi shall come near; for them the LORD thy God hath chosen to minister unto him, and to bless in the name of the LORD ; and by their word shall every controversy and every stroke be tried:
6And all the elders of that city, that are next unto the slain man, shall wash their hands over the heifer that is beheaded in the valley:
7And they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, neither have our eyes seen it.
8Be merciful, O LORD , unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel’s charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them.
Deuteronomy 21:9-16
9–16: So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when…
Deuteronomy 21:9–16 opens with “So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which…” and reaches “Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Deuteronomy 21 develops its own movement around city, LORD, elders, firstborn, hated, with particular weight carried by hated, beloved, firstborn.
Context that brings the passage to life
“So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.
“And seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and hast a desire unto her, that thou wouldest have her to thy wife;” The line’s distinctive content terms include beautiful, captives, desire. Its relationship to verses 10 and 12 shows what work it does in this passage.
“And she shall put the raiment of her captivity from off her, and shall remain in thine house, and bewail her father…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.
Deuteronomy 21:9-16
King James Version9So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the LORD .
10When thou goest forth to war against thine enemies, and the LORD thy God hath delivered them into thine hands, and thou hast taken them captive,
11And seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and hast a desire unto her, that thou wouldest have her to thy wife;
12Then thou shalt bring her home to thine house; and she shall shave her head, and pare her nails;
13And she shall put the raiment of her captivity from off her, and shall remain in thine house, and bewail her father and her mother a full month: and after that thou shalt go in unto her, and be her husband, and she shall be thy wife.
14And it shall be, if thou have no delight in her, then thou shalt let her go whither she will; but thou shalt not sell her at all for money, thou shalt not make merchandise of her, because thou hast humbled her.
15If a man have two wives, one beloved, and another hated, and they have born him children, both the beloved and the hated; and if the firstborn son be hers that was hated:
16Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, which is indeed the firstborn:
Deuteronomy 21:17-23
17–23: He shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn, by giving…
Deuteronomy 21:17–23 opens with “But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn, by giving him a double portion…” and reaches “His body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him that day…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Deuteronomy 21 develops its own movement around city, LORD, elders, firstborn, hated, with particular weight carried by city, voice, death.
Context that brings the passage to life
“But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn, by giving him a double portion of all that he hath…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.
“If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, which will not obey the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother…” The line’s distinctive content terms include voice, chastened, father. Its relationship to verses 17 and 19 shows what work it does in this passage.
“Then shall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him out unto the elders of his city, and unto the gate…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.
Deuteronomy 21:17-23
King James Version17But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn, by giving him a double portion of all that he hath: for he is the beginning of his strength; the right of the firstborn is his.
18If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, which will not obey the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother, and that, when they have chastened him, will not hearken unto them:
19Then shall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him out unto the elders of his city, and unto the gate of his place;
20And they shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son is stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton, and a drunkard.
21And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, that he die: so shalt thou put evil away from among you; and all Israel shall hear, and fear.
22And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree:
23His body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him that day; (for he that is hanged is accursed of God;) that thy land be not defiled, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.
Details worth noticing
The opening image
Deuteronomy 21:1 begins with “If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath slain him:”
Where the chapter turns
Deuteronomy 21:12 forms a natural hinge: “Then thou shalt bring her home to thine house; and she shall shave her head, and pare her nails;”
The final note
Deuteronomy 21:23 leaves the reader with “His body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him that day; (for he that is hanged is accursed of God;) that thy land…”
A word trail through the chapter
The words city, LORD, elders, firstborn, hated, slain help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.
How is God's faithfulness shown in both halves of the family?
Isaac is born as promised, and Ishmael is heard and preserved with a future of his own.
Why does a well deserve narrative space?
Water sustains life and makes residence possible in a land Abraham does not yet own.
KJV words made clear
- unto
- to
- thee
- you
- thou
- you
- thy
- your
- hath
- has
Text first
Where readers differ
The chapter summary begins with what the passage says and how its parts fit together. It does not assume one denomination has already settled every question. Where a conclusion depends on a tradition, literary theory, or historical reconstruction, that dependence is named openly.
The KJV text is presented first. Interpretive conclusions are labeled, and differences are introduced only when they help a reader understand why serious communities do not always reach the same answer.
Comparative interpretive notes for this chapter are in preparation. Until reviewed notes are ready, this page separates the KJV text from summary and application without claiming that serious readers agree on every question.
