El panorama
Éxodo 34 abre con “And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I…”, cambia cerca del versículo 18 con “The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep. Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened…” y termina con “And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone…”. Estos puntos trazan el movimiento propio del capítulo desde su inicio hasta su conclusión.
Las Escrituras junto al resumen
Éxodo · Versión King James · 35Éxodo 34:1-7
Versículos 1–7: The LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the…
Éxodo 34:1–7 abre con “And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I will write…” y llega a “Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Éxodo 34 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the…” El número two hace concreto el relato. Antes de decidir su peso, observa si mide tiempo, personas, distancia, repetición o totalidad.
“And be ready in the morning, and come up in the morning unto mount Sinai, and present thyself there to me in the top…” Nombrar a Sinai mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
“And no man shall come up with thee, neither let any man be seen throughout all the mount; neither let the flocks nor…” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
Éxodo 34:1-7
Versión King James1And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest.
2And be ready in the morning, and come up in the morning unto mount Sinai, and present thyself there to me in the top of the mount.
3And no man shall come up with thee, neither let any man be seen throughout all the mount; neither let the flocks nor herds feed before that mount.
4And he hewed two tables of stone like unto the first; and Moses rose up early in the morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as the LORD had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tables of stone.
5And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed the name of the LORD .
6And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD , The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth,
7Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, unto the third and to the fourth generation.
Éxodo 34:8-14
Versículos 8–14: Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshipped.
Éxodo 34:8–14 abre con “And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshipped.” y llega a “For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD , whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God:” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Éxodo 34 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshipped.” Nombrar a Moses mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
“And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us; for it is a…” El versículo nombra a Lord en vez de dejar la acción sin una fuente. Observa si la línea siguiente continúa, responde o contrasta esa acción.
“And he said, Behold, I make a covenant: before all thy people I will do marvels, such as have not been done in all the…” El lenguaje de promesa, bendición o pacto necesita su destinatario y alcance. Esos detalles impiden separar del contexto una palabra personal de la historia.
Éxodo 34:8-14
Versión King James8And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshipped.
9And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us; for it is a stiffnecked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance.
10And he said, Behold, I make a covenant: before all thy people I will do marvels, such as have not been done in all the earth, nor in any nation: and all the people among which thou art shall see the work of the LORD : for it is a terrible thing that I will do with thee.
11Observe thou that which I command thee this day: behold, I drive out before thee the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite.
12Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land whither thou goest, lest it be for a snare in the midst of thee:
13But ye shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut down their groves:
14For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD , whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God:
Éxodo 34:15-21
Versículos 15–21: Lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they go…
Éxodo 34:15–21 abre con “Lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they go a whoring after their…” y llega a “Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Éxodo 34 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“Lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they go a whoring after their gods, and do sacrifice…” El lenguaje de promesa, bendición o pacto necesita su destinatario y alcance. Esos detalles impiden separar del contexto una palabra personal de la historia.
“And thou take of their daughters unto thy sons, and their daughters go a whoring after their gods, and make thy sons…” Los términos propios de esta línea incluyen daughters, gods, sons. Su relación con los versículos 15 y 17 permite comprobar su función dentro del pasaje.
Éxodo 34:15-21
Versión King James15Lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they go a whoring after their gods, and do sacrifice unto their gods, and one call thee, and thou eat of his sacrifice;
16And thou take of their daughters unto thy sons, and their daughters go a whoring after their gods, and make thy sons go a whoring after their gods.
17Thou shalt make thee no molten gods.
18The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep. Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, in the time of the month Abib: for in the month Abib thou camest out from Egypt.
19All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every firstling among thy cattle, whether ox or sheep, that is male.
20But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty.
21Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.
Éxodo 34:22-28
Versículos 22–28: Thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, of the firstfruits of wheat…
Éxodo 34:22–28 abre con “And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, of the firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of…” y llega a “And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Éxodo 34 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, of the firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the…” Los términos propios de esta línea incluyen feast, firstfruits, harvest. Su relación con los versículos 23 permite comprobar su función dentro del pasaje.
“Thrice in the year shall all your men children appear before the Lord GOD , the God of Israel.” El mandato no se entiende solo por el verbo. El destinatario, el propósito y su lugar dentro del pacto o argumento definen la responsabilidad.
“For I will cast out the nations before thee, and enlarge thy borders: neither shall any man desire thy land, when thou…” Esta línea aporta una razón, un resultado o una conclusión. Debe permanecer unida a la afirmación o acción que le da sentido.
Éxodo 34:22-28
Versión King James22And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, of the firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the year’s end.
23Thrice in the year shall all your men children appear before the Lord GOD , the God of Israel.
24For I will cast out the nations before thee, and enlarge thy borders: neither shall any man desire thy land, when thou shalt go up to appear before the LORD thy God thrice in the year.
25Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaven; neither shall the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be left unto the morning.
26The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring unto the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother’s milk.
27And the LORD said unto Moses, Write thou these words: for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel.
28And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.
Éxodo 34:29-35
Versículos 29–35: It came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two…
Éxodo 34:29–35 abre con “And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in…” y llega a “And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone: and Moses…” en su último versículo. Ese recorrido desarrolla Éxodo 34 se desarrolla mediante sus propias voces, acciones, afirmaciones y consecuencias.
Contexto que da vida al pasaje
“And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in Moses’ hand, when he…” Esta señal narrativa conocida hace avanzar el tiempo. Lo que sigue es una nueva escena, consecuencia o respuesta a una tensión anterior.
“And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to…” Nombrar a Aaron y Israel mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
“And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with…” Nombrar a Moses y Aaron mantiene el relato unido a personas o lugares concretos. Sigue dónde reaparece el nombre y qué cambia a su alrededor.
Éxodo 34:29-35
Versión King James29And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in Moses’ hand, when he came down from the mount, that Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him.
30And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come nigh him.
31And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.
32And afterward all the children of Israel came nigh: and he gave them in commandment all that the LORD had spoken with him in mount Sinai.
33And till Moses had done speaking with them, he put a vail on his face.
34But when Moses went in before the LORD to speak with him, he took the vail off, until he came out. And he came out, and spake unto the children of Israel that which he was commanded.
35And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone: and Moses put the vail upon his face again, until he went in to speak with him.
Detalles que vale la pena notar
La imagen inicial
Exodus 34:1 comienza con “And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables…”
Dónde cambia el capítulo
Exodus 34:20 forma un giro natural: “But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou…”
La nota final
Exodus 34:35 deja al lector con “And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone: and Moses put the vail upon his face again, until he went in to speak…”
Un recorrido de palabras por el capítulo
Las palabras LORD, Moses, mount, children, tables, face ayudan a revelar las preocupaciones que se repiten en el capítulo.
Primero el texto
Donde difieren los lectores
El resumen comienza con lo que dice el pasaje y cómo se relacionan sus partes. No supone que una denominación ya haya resuelto cada pregunta. Toda dependencia de una tradición, teoría literaria o reconstrucción histórica se identifica con claridad.
El texto KJV aparece primero. Las conclusiones interpretativas se identifican, y las diferencias se presentan cuando ayudan a explicar por qué las comunidades serias no siempre llegan a la misma respuesta.
Las notas interpretativas comparativas de este capítulo están en preparación. Hasta que las notas revisadas estén listas, esta página separa el texto KJV del resumen y la aplicación sin afirmar que todos los lectores serios coinciden en cada cuestión.
