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Paul Appeals Beyond the Local Hearing

Acts 25

The big picture

Festus, the new Roman governor, inherits the unresolved case of Paul, a witness to the risen Jesus. Paul has remained confined at Cæsarea, a coastal city, while his opponents seek a deadly outcome. A request to move the hearing conceals another plot. Paul refuses that transfer and appeals to the emperor. When a visiting king asks about the case, Festus admits that he has no clear crime to report. The next hearing begins under that uncertainty.

In this chapter

Central truth

Paul appeals to the emperor to prevent a deadly transfer, while Festus still lacks a charge that deserves death.

Acts 25: Paul Appeals Beyond the Local Hearing
Chapter sceneActs 25

Scripture beside the summary

Acts · King James Version · 27

Acts 25:1-5

A New Governor Hears an Old Request

Three days after arriving in the province, Festus travels to Jerusalem, the chief Jewish city. The chief priest and leading men press their case against Paul. They ask the governor to summon him there as a favour. Behind the request lies a plan to kill Paul on the road. Festus refuses the proposed move. Paul will stay in Cæsarea, where Festus will soon return. Those able to bring charges should accompany him and state any wrongdoing there. The new governor faces the same old hatred. His choice of place blocks the planned attack.

In everyday life

A newly appointed prison director receives a request to move a witness to a smaller local hearing. She keeps the existing secure venue and tells complainants to attend there with their evidence. Unknown to her, men have planned an attack on the proposed route. Festus' refusal protects Paul without resolving the charges that keep him confined.

Notice

Acts 25:3 The request is presented as a favour while its hidden purpose is murder. Acts lets the reader see a danger the formal wording conceals.

Acts 25:1-5

King James Version

1Now when Festus was come into the province, after three days he ascended from Cæsarea to Jerusalem.

2Then the high priest and the chief of the Jews informed him against Paul, and besought him,

3And desired favour against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to kill him.

4But Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Cæsarea, and that he himself would depart shortly thither.

5Let them therefore, said he, which among you are able, go down with me, and accuse this man, if there be any wickedness in him.

Acts 25:6-12

The Appeal Goes to CæSar

Back in Cæsarea, Festus hears many serious accusations that the accusers cannot prove. Paul denies offences against Jewish law, the temple, their holy worship place, or Cæsar, the Roman emperor. Festus seeks favour with the leaders and asks whether Paul will be tried in Jerusalem. Paul insists the present imperial court is the proper place. He will face death if he has done wrong that deserves it. But no one has proved such a charge. He appeals to Cæsar. Festus speaks with his advisers. He grants the appeal. The case will now go to the emperor rather than back to Jerusalem.

In everyday life

A union delegate watches a panel hear a disputed case. The panel wants to move it to the branch that brought the charge. The accused man claims his right to a higher hearing. He accepts its power to judge any real wrong. He refuses the move while the claims still lack proof. Paul turns to the emperor's court as his life is at stake.

Notice

Acts 25:11 A proved crime would deserve its due penalty, Paul says. His appeal rests on the lack of proof and the wrong of handing him to his accusers.

Acts 25:6-12

King James Version

6And when he had tarried among them more than ten days, he went down unto Cæsarea; and the next day sitting on the judgment seat commanded Paul to be brought.

7And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove.

8While he answered for himself, Neither against the law of the Jews, neither against the temple, nor yet against Cæsar, have I offended any thing at all.

9But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?

10Then said Paul, I stand at Cæsar’s judgment seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest.

11For if I be an offender, or have committed any thing worthy of death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things whereof these accuse me, no man may deliver me unto them. I appeal unto Cæsar.

12Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Cæsar? unto Cæsar shalt thou go.

Acts 25:13-22

Festus Describes the Dispute to Agrippa

Agrippa, a visiting king, and Bernice, his royal companion, come to greet Festus. The governor explains the inherited prisoner and the leaders' request for condemnation. He says Roman practice requires accusers to face the accused and allow a defence. The charges surprised him: they concerned religious questions and Jesus, whom Paul says is alive though he died. Festus admits uncertainty about such matters and describes Paul's appeal. Agrippa asks to hear Paul himself. Festus arranges it for the next day. The governor is puzzled by the claim that Jesus lives. He has not found the crime he expected.

Festus can describe the dispute without understanding its center
Chapter sceneActs 25
Paul’s journeys
Paul’s journeys

In everyday life

An ombudsman explains an inherited complaint to a visiting expert. The file seemed to concern public misconduct, but the hearing centred on a belief the officials did not understand. He asks for help before sending an empty account upward. The expert agrees to hear the person directly. Paul's claim is that the dead Jesus lives.

Notice

Acts 25:19 The life of Jesus after death is what puzzles Festus. As he tells the king about the case, that central claim comes to the fore.

Acts 25:13-22

King James Version

13And after certain days king Agrippa and Bernice came unto Cæsarea to salute Festus.

14And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul’s cause unto the king, saying, There is a certain man left in bonds by Felix:

15About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him.

16To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.

17Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought forth.

18Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed:

19But had certain questions against him of their own superstition, and of one Jesus, which was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.

20And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these matters.

21But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Cæsar.

22Then Agrippa said unto Festus, I would also hear the man myself. To morrow, said he, thou shalt hear him.

Acts 25:23-27

Ceremony Cannot Supply a Charge

Agrippa and Bernice enter with great ceremony, joined by military commanders and leading residents. Paul is brought before them. Festus explains that accusers have demanded his death, but he has found nothing deserving it. Because Paul appealed to Augustus, another title for the emperor, he must be sent. Yet Festus has no definite charge to write. He hopes this hearing, especially before Agrippa, will supply an account. Sending a prisoner without specifying crimes seems unreasonable even to him. A grand crowd is present. Yet the hearing starts with no clear charge.

The impressive audience faces an unimpressive case
Chapter sceneActs 25

In everyday life

A university registrar assembles a formal review with senior staff in ceremonial dress. Before the witness speaks, she admits the file still contains no defined offence to send to the appeal board. The full room cannot fill the missing line on the form. Festus' difficulty concerns a man held for possible death and sent to the emperor.

Notice

Acts 25:27 Festus states the problem plainly: a prisoner should not be sent without specified charges. The grand display does not supply proof. Paul stands there as a prisoner, but the case against him remains unclear.

Acts 25:23-27

King James Version

23And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief captains, and principal men of the city, at Festus’ commandment Paul was brought forth.

24And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men which are here present with us, ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with me, both at Jerusalem, and also here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.

25But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and that he himself hath appealed to Augustus, I have determined to send him.

26Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write.

27For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him.

Details worth noticing

27verses in this reading
4major movements
9verses with speech
2questions in the KJV text

The opening image

Acts 25:1 begins with “Now when Festus was come into the province, after three days he ascended from Cæsarea to Jerusalem.”

Where the chapter turns

Acts 25:12 forms a natural hinge: “Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Cæsar? unto Cæsar shalt thou go.”

The final note

Acts 25:27 leaves the reader with “For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him.”

A word trail through the chapter

The words Festus, Paul, Jerusalem, Jews, Agrippa, certain help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.

KJV words made clear

judgment seat
The official place where a ruler hears and decides cases.
Augustus
An imperial title used here for the Roman emperor.
pomp
A display of rank and importance through ceremony and fine appearance.

Music and video connected to the passage

Related media appears when its Scripture reference overlaps this study. Music and video can illuminate a theme while the biblical text remains the foundation.

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Source: eBible.org · eng-kjv2006