O panorama
Gênesis 38 abre com “And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in…”, muda perto do versículo 15 com “When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.” e termina com “And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his…”. Esses pontos traçam o movimento próprio do capítulo, da abertura à conclusão.
A Escritura ao lado do resumo
Gênesis · Versão King James · 30Gênesis 38:1-8
Versículos 1–8: It came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren…
Gênesis 38:1–8 abre com “And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a…” e chega a “And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother’s wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy…” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve A traição leva José ao Egito, mas o sofrimento se torna caminho de livramento. A família é reunida, perdoada e preservada para a história que continua em Êxodo.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
“And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose…” Esse conhecido sinal narrativo faz o tempo avançar. O que segue é uma nova cena, consequência ou resposta a uma tensão anterior.
Gênesis 38:1-8
Versão King James1And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
2And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her.
3And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.
4And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.
5And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.
6And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.
7And Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him.
8And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother’s wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.
Gênesis 38:9-16
Versículos 9–16: Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he…
Gênesis 38:9–16 abre com “And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his…” e chega a “And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for…” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve A traição leva José ao Egito, mas o sofrimento se torna caminho de livramento. A família é reunida, perdoada e preservada para a história que continua em Êxodo.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
Este bloco contém 1 perguntas. Elas não são simples pontuação: mostram onde uma voz procura, desafia, teme ou tenta compreender.
“And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother’s wife, that he…” Esse conhecido sinal narrativo faz o tempo avançar. O que segue é uma nova cena, consequência ou resposta a uma tensão anterior.
“Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father’s house, till Shelah my son be grown: for…” Nomear Tamar e Judah mantém o relato ligado a pessoas ou lugares concretos. Acompanhe onde o nome retorna e o que muda ao redor dele.
“And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep.” Nomear Tamar e Timnath mantém o relato ligado a pessoas ou lugares concretos. Acompanhe onde o nome retorna e o que muda ao redor dele.
Gênesis 38:9-16
Versão King James9And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother’s wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.
10And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he slew him also.
11Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father’s house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father’s house.
12And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah’s wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
13And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep.
14And she put her widow’s garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.
15When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.
16And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?
Gênesis 38:17-24
Versículos 17–24: He said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou…
Gênesis 38:17–24 abre com “And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge…” e chega a “And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter…” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve A traição leva José ao Egito, mas o sofrimento se torna caminho de livramento. A família é reunida, perdoada e preservada para a história que continua em Êxodo.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
Este bloco contém 3 perguntas. Elas não são simples pontuação: mostram onde uma voz procura, desafia, teme ou tenta compreender.
“And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?” A pergunta desacelera a passagem. Observe quem precisa responder, o que ela pressupõe e se as linhas seguintes apresentam uma resposta.
“And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.” Os termos próprios desta linha incluem arose, garments, laid. A relação com os versículos 18 e 20 permite verificar sua função na passagem.
“Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said…” A pergunta desacelera a passagem. Observe quem precisa responder, o que ela pressupõe e se as linhas seguintes apresentam uma resposta.
Gênesis 38:17-24
Versão King James17And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?
18And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.
19And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.
20And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman’s hand: but he found her not.
21Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place.
22And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.
23And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.
24And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.
Gênesis 38:25-30
Versículos 25–30: When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By…
Gênesis 38:25–30 abre com “When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are…” e chega a “And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was…” no último versículo. Esse percurso desenvolve A traição leva José ao Egito, mas o sofrimento se torna caminho de livramento. A família é reunida, perdoada e preservada para a história que continua em Êxodo.
Contexto que dá vida à passagem
Este bloco contém 1 perguntas. Elas não são simples pontuação: mostram onde uma voz procura, desafia, teme ou tenta compreender.
“When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and…” Nomear Discern mantém o relato ligado a pessoas ou lugares concretos. Acompanhe onde o nome retorna e o que muda ao redor dele.
Gênesis 38:25-30
Versão King James25When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.
26And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.
27And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.
28And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.
29And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.
30And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.
Detalhes que merecem atenção
A imagem de abertura
Genesis 38:1 começa com “And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.”
Onde o capítulo muda
Genesis 38:16 forma uma mudança natural: “And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she…”
A nota final
Genesis 38:30 deixa o leitor com “And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.”
Um caminho de palavras pelo capítulo
As palavras Judah, name, hand, daughter, harlot, place ajudam a revelar as preocupações repetidas do capítulo.
Primeiro o texto
Onde os leitores divergem
O resumo começa com o que a passagem diz e como suas partes se relacionam. Ele não presume que uma denominação já resolveu todas as questões. A dependência de uma tradição, teoria literária ou reconstrução histórica é claramente identificada.
O texto KJV aparece primeiro. As conclusões interpretativas são identificadas, e as diferenças surgem quando ajudam a explicar por que comunidades sérias nem sempre chegam à mesma resposta.
Gênesis aprova toda estrutura familiar que descreve?
Não. Poligamia, concubinato, escravidão, favoritismo e disputas de herança aparecem junto com suas consequências. O fato de um antepassado praticar algo não o transforma em mandamento. Uma leitura completa ouve Lia, Hagar, Rebeca, Tamar e Diná, e não inventa consentimento nem pensamentos que o narrador não registrou.
Genesis 1:27 · Genesis 16:6 · Genesis 24:58 · Genesis 29:31-35 · Genesis 34:1-31 · Genesis 38:26
