The big picture
Two sisters stand for cities in an account God gives his prophet Ezekiel. Aholah is Samaria, the northern capital; Aholibah is Jerusalem, Judah's capital. Their sexual acts stand for false worship and ties with foreign powers. The younger sees her sister fall but takes the same path with greater zeal. God announces exposure, violence, and destruction. The images include sexual abuse and maiming. They accuse cities of sin. They do not give people leave to attack women. The charge also names the killing of children and the misuse of holy things.
In this chapter
- The Elder Sister Is Destroyed by Lovers Ezekiel 23:1-10
God describes sisters who belong to him and bear children.
- The Younger Sister Increases the Same Conduct Ezekiel 23:11-21
Aholibah sees her sister's fate but becomes more corrupt.
- Former Lovers Surround and Mutilate the City Ezekiel 23:22-27
God will bring the lovers Aholibah has rejected against her from every side.
- The Sister’s Cup Must Be Drunk Ezekiel 23:28-35
God will give the city to those it hates.
- Child Sacrifice Is Followed by Temple Visits Ezekiel 23:36-39
Ezekiel must now judge the sisters by naming their sins.
- Gifts Prepare a Welcome for More Lovers Ezekiel 23:40-44
The sisters send messengers for men far away and prepare to receive them.
- The Judgement Answers Adultery and Bloodshed Ezekiel 23:45-49
Righteous judges will treat the sisters as adulterers and killers.
Central truth
Jerusalem repeats and exceeds Samaria's betrayal despite seeing its ruin, and God declares that both cities must bear their violent wrongdoing.

Scripture beside the summary
Ezekiel · King James Version · 49Ezekiel 23:1-10
The Elder Sister Is Destroyed by Lovers
God describes sisters who belong to him and bear children. Their wrongdoing begins in Egypt, the southern kingdom, through an image of sexual contact in youth. Aholah longs for the Assyrians, a neighbouring imperial people, attracted by their officers and mounted soldiers. She defiles herself with their idols while keeping her earlier practices. God gives her into the hands of those she desired. They expose her, take her children, and kill her. The city's foreign ties end in defeat. Her fate is made known through the image of a woman judged in public.

In everyday life
A displacement counsellor hears how a foreign patron failed to keep a group safe. She notes the lost trust beside their needs. She does not act out the harm for others. What looked like support became a source of fear. God judges a city for false worship, pictured here as sex with foreign lovers.
Notice
Ezekiel 23:9 The people Aholah desired become those into whose hands she is delivered. The outcome reverses her hope that the admired foreign power will provide what she seeks.
Ezekiel 23:1-10
King James Version1The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,
2Son of man, there were two women, the daughters of one mother:
3And they committed whoredoms in Egypt; they committed whoredoms in their youth: there were their breasts pressed, and there they bruised the teats of their virginity.
4And the names of them were Aholah the elder, and Aholibah her sister: and they were mine, and they bare sons and daughters. Thus were their names; Samaria is Aholah, and Jerusalem Aholibah.
5And Aholah played the harlot when she was mine; and she doted on her lovers, on the Assyrians her neighbours,
6Which were clothed with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses.
7Thus she committed her whoredoms with them, with all them that were the chosen men of Assyria, and with all on whom she doted: with all their idols she defiled herself.
8Neither left she her whoredoms brought from Egypt: for in her youth they lay with her, and they bruised the breasts of her virginity, and poured their whoredom upon her.
9Wherefore I have delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians, upon whom she doted.
10These discovered her nakedness: they took her sons and her daughters, and slew her with the sword: and she became famous among women; for they had executed judgment upon her.
Ezekiel 23:11-21
The Younger Sister Increases the Same Conduct
Aholibah sees her sister's fate but becomes more corrupt. She first desires the Assyrian rulers and horsemen. Pictures of richly dressed Chaldeans, the people of Babylon, then stir her desire, and she sends messengers to them. She has sex with them, then turns against them. God turns from her too. She returns in longing to Egypt and its lovers. Their sex organs and semen are compared to those of beasts. The coarse words form part of the rebuke. The point is not admiration. She still seeks more after seeing where her sister's path led.

In everyday life
A fraud-support volunteer sits with a client comparing a glossy new offer to the one that harmed a close relative. The warning is present in the file, yet the attractive display has drawn another payment. She discusses the pattern without ridiculing the client. Ezekiel uses harsh sexual imagery for deliberate national betrayal, not a victim's susceptibility to fraud.
Notice
Ezekiel 23:11 Seeing her sister fall does not stop Aholibah from doing worse. She has seen the warning with her own eyes. She cannot claim to know nothing of where this path leads.
Ezekiel 23:11-21
King James Version11And when her sister Aholibah saw this, she was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she, and in her whoredoms more than her sister in her whoredoms.
12She doted upon the Assyrians her neighbours, captains and rulers clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding upon horses, all of them desirable young men.
13Then I saw that she was defiled, that they took both one way,
14And that she increased her whoredoms: for when she saw men pourtrayed upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans pourtrayed with vermilion,
15Girded with girdles upon their loins, exceeding in dyed attire upon their heads, all of them princes to look to, after the manner of the Babylonians of Chaldea, the land of their nativity:
16And as soon as she saw them with her eyes, she doted upon them, and sent messengers unto them into Chaldea.
17And the Babylonians came to her into the bed of love, and they defiled her with their whoredom, and she was polluted with them, and her mind was alienated from them.
18So she discovered her whoredoms, and discovered her nakedness: then my mind was alienated from her, like as my mind was alienated from her sister.
19Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, in calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.
20For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.
21Thus thou calledst to remembrance the lewdness of thy youth, in bruising thy teats by the Egyptians for the paps of thy youth.
Ezekiel 23:22-27
Former Lovers Surround and Mutilate the City
God will bring the lovers Aholibah has rejected against her from every side. Armed forces arrive with chariots, shields, and helmets, and God hands judgement over to them. They will mutilate her face, kill survivors, take her children, and burn what remains. Clothes and jewels will be stripped away. The harm done to her body pictures the city's defeat. God says the punishment will end her old pursuit of foreign lovers, so that Egypt will no longer draw her eyes. The harm is brutal. The account does not call it a slight loss.

In everyday life
A conflict-recovery specialist turns a graphic archive page face down while explaining its findings to a survivors' group. She names the injuries and losses without making the people look at images they do not need. Care does not require denying what occurred. Ezekiel announces the city's brutal conquest as God's judgement, not a recovery session after harm.
Notice
Ezekiel 23:26 The attackers remove the clothes and jewels that once adorned the woman. In the city image, admired splendour becomes plunder rather than a defence against the assault.
Ezekiel 23:22-27
King James Version22Therefore, O Aholibah, thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will raise up thy lovers against thee, from whom thy mind is alienated, and I will bring them against thee on every side;
23The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses.
24And they shall come against thee with chariots, wagons, and wheels, and with an assembly of people, which shall set against thee buckler and shield and helmet round about: and I will set judgment before them, and they shall judge thee according to their judgments.
25And I will set my jealousy against thee, and they shall deal furiously with thee: they shall take away thy nose and thine ears; and thy remnant shall fall by the sword: they shall take thy sons and thy daughters; and thy residue shall be devoured by the fire.
26They shall also strip thee out of thy clothes, and take away thy fair jewels.
27Thus will I make thy lewdness to cease from thee, and thy whoredom brought from the land of Egypt: so that thou shalt not lift up thine eyes unto them, nor remember Egypt any more.
Ezekiel 23:28-35
The Sister’s Cup Must Be Drunk
God will give the city to those it hates. They will take its goods and leave it bare. Its desire for foreign nations and idols is the cause. Having followed its sister's path, it must drink the same deep cup of ruin and scorn. The image includes drunkenness, grief, broken pottery, and self-mutilation of the breasts. This harsh image shows utter ruin. It is not advice to carry out such an act. God returns to the central charge: the city forgot him and pushed him aside, and must now bear its conduct.

In everyday life
A grief-group facilitator sets down an account of a town that followed a neighbour into disaster despite seeing the earlier loss. The participants recognise the weight of repeated warnings in the record. She allows silence instead of asking them to act it out. Ezekiel's shared cup expresses God's assigned judgement, not merely a parallel between two recorded disasters.
Notice
Ezekiel 23:35 Forgetting God and casting him aside form the final reason given here. The long account of foreign desire is brought back to that broken relationship.
Ezekiel 23:28-35
King James Version28For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will deliver thee into the hand of them whom thou hatest, into the hand of them from whom thy mind is alienated:
29And they shall deal with thee hatefully, and shall take away all thy labour, and shall leave thee naked and bare: and the nakedness of thy whoredoms shall be discovered, both thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.
30I will do these things unto thee, because thou hast gone a whoring after the heathen, and because thou art polluted with their idols.
31Thou hast walked in the way of thy sister; therefore will I give her cup into thine hand.
32Thus saith the Lord GOD; Thou shalt drink of thy sister’s cup deep and large: thou shalt be laughed to scorn and had in derision; it containeth much.
33Thou shalt be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of thy sister Samaria.
34Thou shalt even drink it and suck it out, and thou shalt break the sherds thereof, and pluck off thine own breasts: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD.
35Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast forgotten me, and cast me behind thy back, therefore bear thou also thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.
Ezekiel 23:36-39
Child Sacrifice Is Followed by Temple Visits
Ezekiel must now judge the sisters by naming their sins. They have committed adultery with idols and shed blood. Sons born as God's own are killed in fire for those idols. On the same day, the people enter his sanctuary and defile it. They also defile the sacred days of rest. They act as though the killings do not break their bond with God. The temple visit adds to their guilt. They have not turned from the bloodshed they bring into his house.
In everyday life
The memorial researcher compares dates in records of grave harm with the community's public ceremonies held that same day. The dates show that public life went on without facing the loss. She leaves the dates side by side for sober reading. Ezekiel accuses people of killing children for idols and then entering God's sanctuary, not merely keeping appearances.
Notice
Ezekiel 23:39 The sanctuary visit happens on the day of the child sacrifices. The charge links the two acts closely instead of allowing worship to seem separate from the bloodshed.
Ezekiel 23:36-39
King James Version36The LORD said moreover unto me; Son of man, wilt thou judge Aholah and Aholibah? yea, declare unto them their abominations;
37That they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands, and with their idols have they committed adultery, and have also caused their sons, whom they bare unto me, to pass for them through the fire, to devour them.
38Moreover this they have done unto me: they have defiled my sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my sabbaths.
39For when they had slain their children to their idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and, lo, thus have they done in the midst of mine house.
Ezekiel 23:40-44
Gifts Prepare a Welcome for More Lovers
The sisters send messengers for men far away and prepare to receive them. Washing, painted eyes, jewellery, a fine couch, and a laid table make the welcome visible. God's incense and oil are placed there. A noisy crowd includes Sabeans, people from the wilderness, who bring bracelets and crowns. Despite the woman's long record of adultery, the men still enter. The visits go on. The sisters choose to betray their bond. They use God's gifts to welcome the ties that break their bond with him.
In everyday life
A charity storeroom keeper finds donated decorations and food laid out for a private gathering arranged by the trustee. Invitations and supplies show that the misuse was prepared, not accidental. She records the items still bearing the charity's labels. Ezekiel portrays foreign lovers and idols through a sexual image, not merely a trustee's misuse of donated goods.
Notice
Ezekiel 23:41 The incense and oil are identified as God's even while used at the prepared table. The accusation concerns gifts diverted from their giver towards the city's betrayal.
Ezekiel 23:40-44
King James Version40And furthermore, that ye have sent for men to come from far, unto whom a messenger was sent; and, lo, they came: for whom thou didst wash thyself, paintedst thy eyes, and deckedst thyself with ornaments,
41And satest upon a stately bed, and a table prepared before it, whereupon thou hast set mine incense and mine oil.
42And a voice of a multitude being at ease was with her: and with the men of the common sort were brought Sabeans from the wilderness, which put bracelets upon their hands, and beautiful crowns upon their heads.
43Then said I unto her that was old in adulteries, Will they now commit whoredoms with her, and she with them?
44Yet they went in unto her, as they go in unto a woman that playeth the harlot: so went they in unto Aholah and unto Aholibah, the lewd women.
Ezekiel 23:45-49
The Judgement Answers Adultery and Bloodshed
Righteous judges will treat the sisters as adulterers and killers. God will bring a company against them to plunder and terrorise them. They will be stoned and cut down by swords; their children will be killed and their houses burned. The judgement is meant to end such conduct in the land and warn other women within the image. Both cities must bear the consequences of their idols and recognise the Lord. Their acts are not innocent. Yet this violent picture of cities gives no command for private people to inflict harm.
In everyday life
A remembrance-project editor checks that a short account names children and destroyed homes as well as the fall of rulers. Leaving them out would make the event seem less terrible than the records show. She keeps the wording restrained and direct. Ezekiel pronounces divine judgement through two personified cities, not an editor's account of past losses.
Notice
Ezekiel 23:49 The sisters bear the sins of their idols and come to know the Lord. The final statement ties the announced violence to the accusation running through their account.
Ezekiel 23:45-49
King James Version45And the righteous men, they shall judge them after the manner of adulteresses, and after the manner of women that shed blood; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.
46For thus saith the Lord GOD; I will bring up a company upon them, and will give them to be removed and spoiled.
47And the company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords; they shall slay their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire.
48Thus will I cause lewdness to cease out of the land, that all women may be taught not to do after your lewdness.
49And they shall recompense your lewdness upon you, and ye shall bear the sins of your idols: and ye shall know that I am the Lord GOD.
Details worth noticing
The opening image
Ezekiel 23:1 begins with “The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,”
Where the chapter turns
Ezekiel 23:22 forms a natural hinge: “Therefore, O Aholibah, thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will raise up thy lovers against thee, from whom thy mind is alienated, and I will bring them…”
The final note
Ezekiel 23:49 leaves the reader with “And they shall recompense your lewdness upon you, and ye shall bear the sins of your idols: and ye shall know that I am the Lord GOD.”
A word trail through the chapter
The words whoredoms, LORD, lewdness, Aholibah, doted, sister help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.
KJV words made clear
- paramours
- Lovers involved in an illicit sexual relationship.
- vermilion
- A vivid red pigment used to colour the pictured figures.
- sherds
- Broken pieces of a pottery vessel, also called potsherds.
Music and video connected to the passage
Related media appears when its Scripture reference overlaps this study. Music and video can illuminate a theme while the biblical text remains the foundation.



