Proverbs 3

Proverbs 3

The big picture

Proverbs 3 opens in verse 1 with “My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments:”, reaches its middle movement near verse 18 with “She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her: and happy is every one that…”, and closes in verse 35 with “The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of fools.” Repeated or prominent terms include LORD, understanding, ways, hand, heart. Together, those details trace this chapter’s own movement from its opening to its conclusion.

Scripture beside the summary

Proverbs · King James Version · 35

Proverbs 3:1-7

1–7: My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments:

Proverbs 3:1–7 opens with “My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments:” and reaches “Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the LORD , and depart from evil.” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help, with particular weight carried by heart, LORD, understanding.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments:” By verse 4, the text has turned to “So shalt thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man.” It lands on “Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the LORD , and depart from evil.” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 1 stated contrast, 3 verses naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as heart, LORD, understanding, acknowledge, bind, commandments tie the complete block together. The central idea, “A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include God, Trust. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 4: “So shalt thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man.” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: heart, LORD, understanding, acknowledge, bind, commandments

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 3:1

    “My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments:” The line’s distinctive content terms include commandments, forget, heart. Its relationship to verses 2 shows what work it does in this passage.

  2. Proverbs 3:2

    “For length of days, and long life, and peace, shall they add to thee.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  3. Proverbs 3:3

    “Let not mercy and truth forsake thee: bind them about thy neck; write them upon the table of thine heart:” The line’s distinctive content terms include bind, forsake, heart. Its relationship to verses 2 and 4 shows what work it does in this passage.

  4. Proverbs 3:4

    “So shalt thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  5. Proverbs 3:5

    “Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding.” Naming Trust keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  6. Proverbs 3:6

    “In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  7. Proverbs 3:7

    “Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the LORD , and depart from evil.” The line’s distinctive content terms include depart, evil, eyes. Its relationship to verses 6 shows what work it does in this passage.

Proverbs 3:1-7

King James Version

1My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments:

2For length of days, and long life, and peace, shall they add to thee.

3Let not mercy and truth forsake thee: bind them about thy neck; write them upon the table of thine heart:

4So shalt thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man.

5Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding.

6In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths.

7Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the LORD , and depart from evil.

Proverbs 3:8-14

8–14: It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones.

Proverbs 3:8–14 opens with “It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones.” and reaches “For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help, with particular weight carried by LORD, merchandise, barns.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones.” By verse 11, the text has turned to “My son, despise not the chastening of the LORD ; neither be weary of his correction:” It lands on “For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof…” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 3 verses naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as LORD, merchandise, barns, better, bones, burst tie the complete block together. The central idea, “A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Happy, Honour. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 11: “My son, despise not the chastening of the LORD ; neither be weary of his correction:” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: LORD, merchandise, barns, better, bones, burst

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 3:8

    “It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  2. Proverbs 3:9

    “Honour the LORD with thy substance, and with the firstfruits of all thine increase:” Naming Honour keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  3. Proverbs 3:10

    “So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  4. Proverbs 3:11

    “My son, despise not the chastening of the LORD ; neither be weary of his correction:” The line’s distinctive content terms include chastening, correction, despise. Its relationship to verses 10 and 12 shows what work it does in this passage.

  5. Proverbs 3:12

    “For whom the LORD loveth he correcteth; even as a father the son in whom he delighteth.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  6. Proverbs 3:13

    “Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding.” Naming Happy keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  7. Proverbs 3:14

    “For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

Proverbs 3:8-14

King James Version

8It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones.

9Honour the LORD with thy substance, and with the firstfruits of all thine increase:

10So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine.

11My son, despise not the chastening of the LORD ; neither be weary of his correction:

12For whom the LORD loveth he correcteth; even as a father the son in whom he delighteth.

13Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding.

14For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold.

Proverbs 3:15-21

15–21: She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire…

Proverbs 3:15–21 opens with “She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared…” and reaches “My son, let not them depart from thine eyes: keep sound wisdom and discretion:” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help, with particular weight carried by hand, ways, wisdom.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be…” By verse 18, the text has turned to “She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her: and happy is every one that retaineth…” It lands on “My son, let not them depart from thine eyes: keep sound wisdom and discretion:” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 1 verse naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as hand, ways, wisdom, broken, canst, clouds tie the complete block together. The central idea, “A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include She, Her, Length. Its number language includes one. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 18: “She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her: and happy is every one that retaineth her.” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: hand, ways, wisdom, broken, canst, clouds

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 3:15

    “She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared unto her.” Naming She keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  2. Proverbs 3:16

    “Length of days is in her right hand; and in her left hand riches and honour.” Naming Length keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  3. Proverbs 3:17

    “Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace.” Naming Her keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  4. Proverbs 3:18

    “She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her: and happy is every one that retaineth her.” The number one makes the report concrete. Ask whether it measures time, people, distance, repetition, or completeness before deciding what weight it carries.

  5. Proverbs 3:19

    “The LORD by wisdom hath founded the earth; by understanding hath he established the heavens.” The line’s distinctive content terms include earth, established, founded. Its relationship to verses 18 and 20 shows what work it does in this passage.

  6. Proverbs 3:20

    “By his knowledge the depths are broken up, and the clouds drop down the dew.” The line’s distinctive content terms include broken, clouds, depths. Its relationship to verses 19 and 21 shows what work it does in this passage.

  7. Proverbs 3:21

    “My son, let not them depart from thine eyes: keep sound wisdom and discretion:” The line’s distinctive content terms include depart, discretion, eyes. Its relationship to verses 20 shows what work it does in this passage.

Proverbs 3:15-21

King James Version

15She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared unto her.

16Length of days is in her right hand; and in her left hand riches and honour.

17Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace.

18She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her: and happy is every one that retaineth her.

19The LORD by wisdom hath founded the earth; by understanding hath he established the heavens.

20By his knowledge the depths are broken up, and the clouds drop down the dew.

21My son, let not them depart from thine eyes: keep sound wisdom and discretion:

Proverbs 3:22-28

22–28: So shall they be life unto thy soul, and grace to thy neck.

Proverbs 3:22–28 opens with “So shall they be life unto thy soul, and grace to thy neck.” and reaches “Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I will give; when thou hast it by…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help, with particular weight carried by afraid, foot, cometh.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “So shall they be life unto thy soul, and grace to thy neck.” By verse 25, the text has turned to “Be not afraid of sudden fear, neither of the desolation of the wicked, when it cometh.” It lands on “Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I will give; when thou hast it…” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 1 verse naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as afraid, foot, cometh, confidence, desolation, fear tie the complete block together. The central idea, “A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Say, Withhold. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 23: “Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, and thy foot shall not stumble.” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: afraid, foot, cometh, confidence, desolation, fear

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 3:22

    “So shall they be life unto thy soul, and grace to thy neck.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  2. Proverbs 3:23

    “Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, and thy foot shall not stumble.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  3. Proverbs 3:24

    “When thou liest down, thou shalt not be afraid: yea, thou shalt lie down, and thy sleep shall be sweet.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  4. Proverbs 3:25

    “Be not afraid of sudden fear, neither of the desolation of the wicked, when it cometh.” The line’s distinctive content terms include afraid, cometh, desolation. Its relationship to verses 24 and 26 shows what work it does in this passage.

  5. Proverbs 3:26

    “For the LORD shall be thy confidence, and shall keep thy foot from being taken.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  6. Proverbs 3:27

    “Withhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do it.” Naming Withhold keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  7. Proverbs 3:28

    “Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I will give; when thou hast it by thee.” Naming Say keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

Proverbs 3:22-28

King James Version

22So shall they be life unto thy soul, and grace to thy neck.

23Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, and thy foot shall not stumble.

24When thou liest down, thou shalt not be afraid: yea, thou shalt lie down, and thy sleep shall be sweet.

25Be not afraid of sudden fear, neither of the desolation of the wicked, when it cometh.

26For the LORD shall be thy confidence, and shall keep thy foot from being taken.

27Withhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do it.

28Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I will give; when thou hast it by thee.

Proverbs 3:29-35

29–35: Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely by…

Proverbs 3:29–35 opens with “Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee.” and reaches “The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of fools.” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help, with particular weight carried by LORD, abomination, blesseth.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee.” By verse 32, the text has turned to “For the froward is abomination to the LORD : but his secret is with the righteous.” It lands on “The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of fools.” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 4 stated contrasts, 2 verses naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as LORD, abomination, blesseth, cause, choose, curse tie the complete block together. The central idea, “A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Devise, Envy, Strive, Surely. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 32: “For the froward is abomination to the LORD : but his secret is with the righteous.” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: LORD, abomination, blesseth, cause, choose, curse

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 3:29

    “Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee.” Naming Devise keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  2. Proverbs 3:30

    “Strive not with a man without cause, if he have done thee no harm.” Naming Strive keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  3. Proverbs 3:31

    “Envy thou not the oppressor, and choose none of his ways.” Naming Envy keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  4. Proverbs 3:32

    “For the froward is abomination to the LORD : but his secret is with the righteous.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  5. Proverbs 3:33

    “The curse of the LORD is in the house of the wicked: but he blesseth the habitation of the just.” The line’s distinctive content terms include blesseth, curse, habitation. Its relationship to verses 32 and 34 shows what work it does in this passage.

  6. Proverbs 3:34

    “Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace unto the lowly.” Naming Surely keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  7. Proverbs 3:35

    “The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of fools.” The promise, blessing, or covenant language needs its named recipient and scope. Those details prevent a personal word in the story from becoming a promise detached from context.

Proverbs 3:29-35

King James Version

29Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee.

30Strive not with a man without cause, if he have done thee no harm.

31Envy thou not the oppressor, and choose none of his ways.

32For the froward is abomination to the LORD : but his secret is with the righteous.

33The curse of the LORD is in the house of the wicked: but he blesseth the habitation of the just.

34Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace unto the lowly.

35The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of fools.

Resources gathered for this chapter

The story map and deeper reflection are available as distinct resources alongside this teaching plan. Each opens on its own page.

Level 1 story resourceMade for curious teens and first-time readers. Short story movements, strong visuals, helpful KJV word notes, and surprising details keep each chapter moving.Level 2 depth resourceRooted in the KJV text, with philosophical and theological depth that identifies Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Jewish, and Messianic Jewish perspectives when they materially differ.

A chapter-specific teaching brief

These anchors come from this chapter itself. They help a teacher use the Level 1 story map, the Level 2 analysis, and the Scripture text as one lesson.

1

Open with the chapter’s first image

Proverbs 3:1: “My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments:”

2

Slow down at the turning point

Proverbs 3:23: “Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, and thy foot shall not stumble.”

3

Keep this word trail visible

LORD, understanding, ways, hand, heart, keep

Observation and teaching prompt

  1. Follow the speaker, images, parallel lines, questions, and emotional movement.
  2. Notice where tension or suffering resists an easy answer.
  3. Read a saying as wisdom for faithful discernment, not as a mechanical promise detached from context.

Text first

Where readers differ

The chapter summary begins with what the passage says and how its parts fit together. It does not assume one denomination has already settled every question. Where a conclusion depends on a tradition, literary theory, or historical reconstruction, that dependence is named openly.

The KJV text is presented first. Interpretive conclusions are labeled, and differences are introduced only when they help a reader understand why serious communities do not always reach the same answer.

Comparative interpretive notes for this chapter are in preparation. Until reviewed notes are ready, this page separates the KJV text from summary and application without claiming that serious readers agree on every question.

Learning objectives

  1. Place Proverbs 3 within Proverbs 3 and explain its role in Proverbs.
  2. Describe from the text how the passage develops this focus: A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help.
  3. Distinguish an explicit statement, a Scripture-supported conclusion, and an interpretation.
  4. Explain how poetry and wisdom shapes a responsible reading of this unit.
  5. Compare a related song or video with the passage, then return to the text to test it.
  6. Form a personal and communal response that does not exceed the evidence of Scripture.

Teacher preparation

  1. Read Proverbs 3 twice, then read the material immediately before and after it.
  2. Review the book movement: Proverbs 3 (Proverbs 3).
  3. Mark speakers, actions, repeated words, commands, contrasts, promises, and consequences.
  4. Preview each related song or video and note where it condenses, interprets, or dramatizes the text.
  5. Prepare a participation option that lets learners respond without forced personal disclosure.

Evidence and interpretation checks

Explicit

Record two claims that Proverbs 3 states directly and cite the verses.

Scripture-supported

Form one conclusion that joins several parts of Proverbs 3. Show each step.

Strong inference

Identify a conclusion that follows the text closely even though it is not stated in one sentence.

Possible or traditional reading

Where responsible readings differ, present the difference without turning it into certainty.

Limit

Do not use speculation as a teaching conclusion.

Discussion with answer guidance

1. What does Proverbs 3 state directly about God, people, or the situation?

Show teacher guidance

Begin with the passage’s words and actions. Require an exact verse before accepting a conclusion.

2. How does this focus develop across the passage: A traveler trusting God at a forked road, a household honoring God with first produce, and a neighbor receiving needed help?

Show teacher guidance

Trace the opening, change, and outcome. Do not rely on one sentence when the unit presents a sequence.

3. Which word, action, contrast, or response repeats, and what work does it do?

Show teacher guidance

Repetition may signal structure or emphasis, but explain its meaning inside the immediate context.

4. How does this unit contribute to the Proverbs 3 movement?

Show teacher guidance

Compare the unit with what comes before and after it in the same book.

5. What interpretive caution does poetry and wisdom require here?

Show teacher guidance

Attend to speaker, image, parallel lines, emotional movement, and the difference between wise guidance and a mechanical promise.

6. What faithful response follows for an individual and for a community?

Show teacher guidance

Form a concrete, proportionate response. Do not turn a description into a command without evidence.

Responsible application

Heart and habits

Name one belief, desire, or practice that Proverbs 3 corrects, strengthens, or redirects.

Relationships and community

Form one action that protects dignity, truth, justice, mercy, or faithfulness in a real relationship.

Worship and prayer

Write a prayer using the vocabulary and concerns of the passage.

Service and witness

Choose one observable response for this week and one person who can support accountability.

Audience adaptations

Children

Use a short reading block, a people-and-actions map, and one concrete response. Explain difficult vocabulary before reading.

Youth

Ask learners to identify pressure, loyalty, power, and consequences. Permit written responses without public disclosure.

Adults

Add literary and historical context, compare responsible readings, and require evidence for each claim.

Intergenerational group

Pair different ages, assign observation before interpretation, and close with a shared prayer.

Online or at home

Send the reference in advance, use media as an observation pause, and gather responses in a shared document.

Complete 75-minute teaching path

A shorter group can omit the extended discussion while preserving the Scripture reading, evidence check, and closing response.

5 min

Orient the group

Name the book, Proverbs 3, genre, and central question. Explain that every conclusion will be checked against the text.

15 min

Read the complete unit

Read aloud or silently. Learners mark speakers, repetitions, commands, contrasts, and changes.

15 min

Work through the reading blocks

Summarize each block in one sentence and record the verse that supports the summary.

10 min

Use a song or video

Play one related resource. Compare its emphasis and omissions with the passage.

15 min

Discuss from evidence

Use the questions and require a Scripture reference for every major answer.

10 min

Form responsible application

Develop one personal and one communal response. Avoid promises or commands that the text does not establish.

5 min

Summarize and pray

Let each learner complete one sentence about the passage. Pray with its vocabulary and concerns.

Song and video learning lab

A song or video may interpret, compress, or dramatize the text. Its value becomes clearer when its choices are compared with Scripture.

  1. Before the media: the exact passage and its central movement.
  2. During the media: the words, people, events, and emotions the artist emphasizes.
  3. After the media: what it clarifies, what it leaves out, and what belongs back in the biblical text.