The big picture
1 Samuel 25 opens in verse 1 with “And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and…”, reaches its middle movement near verse 22 with “So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him…”, and closes in verse 44 with “But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David’s wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which…” Repeated or prominent terms include LORD, David, Nabal, Abigail, young. Together, those details trace this chapter’s own movement from its opening to its conclusion.
Scripture beside the summary
1 Samuel · King James Version · 441 Samuel 25:1-8
1–8: Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented…
1 Samuel 25:1–8 opens with “And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him…” and reaches “Ask thy young men, and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the young men find favour in thine…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Abigail intercepting David’s armed company with provisions and a plea for restraint, with particular weight carried by David, Carmel, young.
Context that brings the passage to life
“And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at…” Naming David and Israelites keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of…” Naming Abigail and Caleb keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And David sent out ten young men, and David said unto the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet…” The number ten makes the report concrete. Ask whether it measures time, people, distance, repetition, or completeness before deciding what weight it carries.
“And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was…” Naming Carmel keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
1 Samuel 25:1-8
King James Version1And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran.
2And there was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.
3Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb.
4And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep.
5And David sent out ten young men, and David said unto the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name:
6And thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, Peace be both to thee, and peace be to thine house, and peace be unto all that thou hast.
7And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there ought missing unto them, all the while they were in Carmel.
8Ask thy young men, and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes: for we come in a good day: give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants, and to thy son David.
1 Samuel 25:9-16
9–16: When David’s young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those…
1 Samuel 25:9–16 opens with “And when David’s young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of…” and reaches “They were a wall unto us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Abigail intercepting David’s armed company with provisions and a plea for restraint, with particular weight carried by David, David’s, sword.
Context that brings the passage to life
This block contains 2 explicit questions. They are more than punctuation: they reveal where a voice is searching, challenging, afraid, or trying to understand.
“And when David’s young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased.” Naming David and Nabal keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.
1 Samuel 25:9-16
King James Version9And when David’s young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased.
10And Nabal answered David’s servants, and said, Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master.
11Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom I know not whence they be?
12So David’s young men turned their way, and went again, and came and told him all those sayings.
13And David said unto his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the stuff.
14But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal’s wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed on them.
15But the men were very good unto us, and we were not hurt, neither missed we any thing, as long as we were conversant with them, when we were in the fields:
16They were a wall unto us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep.
1 Samuel 25:17-24
17–24: Therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined…
1 Samuel 25:17–24 opens with “Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined against our master…” and reaches “And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Abigail intercepting David’s armed company with provisions and a plea for restraint, with particular weight carried by David, Abigail, evil.
Context that brings the passage to life
“Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all his…” Naming Belial keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal.” Naming Nabal keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed…” Naming David and Surely keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself…” Naming David and Abigail keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
1 Samuel 25:17-24
King James Version17Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all his household: for he is such a son of Belial, that a man cannot speak to him.
18Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses.
19And she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal.
20And it was so, as she rode on the ass, that she came down by the covert of the hill, and, behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them.
21Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good.
22So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.
23And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,
24And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid.
1 Samuel 25:25-32
25–32: Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for…
1 Samuel 25:25–32 opens with “Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is…” and reaches “And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which sent thee this day to meet…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Abigail intercepting David’s armed company with provisions and a plea for restraint, with particular weight carried by LORD, handmaid, Nabal.
Context that brings the passage to life
“Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name…” Naming Nabal and Belial keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And now this blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my lord, let it even be given unto the young men that…” The line’s distinctive content terms include lord, blessing, follow. Its relationship to verses 26 and 28 shows what work it does in this passage.
“Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.
“That this shall be no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood causeless…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.
1 Samuel 25:25-32
King James Version25Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.
26Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing the LORD hath withholden thee from coming to shed blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.
27And now this blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my lord, let it even be given unto the young men that follow my lord.
28I pray thee, forgive the trespass of thine handmaid: for the LORD will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the LORD , and evil hath not been found in thee all thy days.
29Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the LORD thy God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he sling out, as out of the middle of a sling.
30And it shall come to pass, when the LORD shall have done to my lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning thee, and shall have appointed thee ruler over Israel;
31That this shall be no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood causeless, or that my lord hath avenged himself: but when the LORD shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thine handmaid.
32And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which sent thee this day to meet me:
1 Samuel 25:33-40
33–40: Blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day…
1 Samuel 25:33–40 opens with “And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed…” and reaches “And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Abigail intercepting David’s armed company with provisions and a plea for restraint, with particular weight carried by Nabal, David, LORD.
Context that brings the passage to life
“And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from…” The line’s distinctive content terms include blessed, advice, avenging. Its relationship to verses 34 shows what work it does in this passage.
“So David received of her hand that which she had brought him, and said unto her, Go up in peace to thine house; see, I…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.
“But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that…” Naming Nabal keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD , that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach…” Naming Nabal and David keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
1 Samuel 25:33-40
King James Version33And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.
34For in very deed, as the LORD God of Israel liveth, which hath kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.
35So David received of her hand that which she had brought him, and said unto her, Go up in peace to thine house; see, I have hearkened to thy voice, and have accepted thy person.
36And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal’s heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.
37But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.
38And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD smote Nabal, that he died.
39And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD , that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.
40And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.
1 Samuel 25:41-44
41–44: She arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold…
1 Samuel 25:41–44 opens with “And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thine handmaid…” and reaches “But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David’s wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which was of…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Abigail intercepting David’s armed company with provisions and a plea for restraint, with particular weight carried by arose, David, wife.
Context that brings the passage to life
“And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash…” The line’s distinctive content terms include arose, bowed, earth. Its relationship to verses 42 shows what work it does in this passage.
1 Samuel 25:41-44
King James Version41And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.
42And Abigail hasted, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.
43David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they were also both of them his wives.
44But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David’s wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which was of Gallim.
Details worth noticing
The opening image
1 Samuel 25:1 begins with “And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to…”
Where the chapter turns
1 Samuel 25:21 forms a natural hinge: “Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and…”
The final note
1 Samuel 25:44 leaves the reader with “But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David’s wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which was of Gallim.”
A word trail through the chapter
The words LORD, David, Nabal, Abigail, young, handmaid help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.
What fulfills the earlier promise concerning Ishmael?
The named twelve princes and the account of his descendants.
What family pattern increases the twins' conflict?
Isaac favors Esau and Rebekah favors Jacob.
KJV words made clear
- behold
- look, or pay close attention
- unto
- to
- thee
- you
- thou
- you
- thy
- your
Text first
Where readers differ
The chapter summary begins with what the passage says and how its parts fit together. It does not assume one denomination has already settled every question. Where a conclusion depends on a tradition, literary theory, or historical reconstruction, that dependence is named openly.
The KJV text is presented first. Interpretive conclusions are labeled, and differences are introduced only when they help a reader understand why serious communities do not always reach the same answer.
Comparative interpretive notes for this chapter are in preparation. Until reviewed notes are ready, this page separates the KJV text from summary and application without claiming that serious readers agree on every question.
