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Jacob Leaves Laban and Returns

Genesis 31

The big picture

Jacob, the younger son of Isaac, has spent twenty years in Padan-aram, the northern region where his mother's family lived. He married Rachel and Leah, daughters of his uncle Laban, and built large flocks while working for him. Their relationship has grown tense. Laban has repeatedly changed Jacob's wages, and Laban's sons now resent Jacob's wealth. God tells Jacob to return to Canaan, the land promised to his family. Leaving means taking his wives, children, servants and livestock away from an angry father-in-law who may try to stop them.

In this chapter

Central truth

Jacob leaves a controlling household under God's protection, and a tense pursuit ends with a formal boundary between two families.

Genesis 31: Jacob Leaves Laban and Returns
Chapter sceneGenesis 31

Scripture beside the summary

Genesis · King James Version · 55

Genesis 31:1-21

Jacob Secretly Leaves Laban

Laban's sons complain that Jacob has gained wealth from their father, and Laban's attitude turns cold. God tells Jacob to return home. Jacob calls Rachel and Leah to the field and explains that Laban has repeatedly changed his wages. He says God protected him and directed the growth of his flocks. Rachel and Leah agree to leave, saying their father has treated them like outsiders and consumed what should have benefited them. Jacob puts his family on camels and gathers his livestock and possessions for Canaan. While Laban is away shearing sheep, Rachel secretly takes her father's household images. Jacob leaves without warning Laban and heads toward Gilead.

Genesis 31:1-21: Jacob Secretly Leaves Laban
Chapter sceneGenesis 31

In everyday life

A mechanic works for the same family garage for twenty years while the owner keeps changing the pay agreement. When the mechanic finally moves away, his spouse agrees because her father has treated their household unfairly too. They load their belongings while he is out of town and leave before an argument can stop them. Unlike Jacob, a modern worker can use contracts, courts and labour laws instead of fleeing.

Notice

Genesis 31:19 Rachel takes Laban's household images without Jacob knowing. That hidden act becomes the centre of Laban's accusation and puts Rachel in danger during the search.

Genesis 31:1-21

King James Version

1And he heard the words of Laban’s sons, saying, Jacob hath taken away all that was our father’s; and of that which was our father’s hath he gotten all this glory.

2And Jacob beheld the countenance of Laban, and, behold, it was not toward him as before.

3And the LORD said unto Jacob, Return unto the land of thy fathers, and to thy kindred; and I will be with thee.

4And Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field unto his flock,

5And said unto them, I see your father’s countenance, that it is not toward me as before; but the God of my father hath been with me.

6And ye know that with all my power I have served your father.

7And your father hath deceived me, and changed my wages ten times; but God suffered him not to hurt me.

8If he said thus, The speckled shall be thy wages; then all the cattle bare speckled: and if he said thus, The ringstraked shall be thy hire; then bare all the cattle ringstraked.

9Thus God hath taken away the cattle of your father, and given them to me.

10And it came to pass at the time that the cattle conceived, that I lifted up mine eyes, and saw in a dream, and, behold, the rams which leaped upon the cattle were ringstraked, speckled, and grisled.

11And the angel of God spake unto me in a dream, saying, Jacob: And I said, Here am I.

12And he said, Lift up now thine eyes, and see, all the rams which leap upon the cattle are ringstraked, speckled, and grisled: for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee.

13I am the God of Beth-el, where thou anointedst the pillar, and where thou vowedst a vow unto me: now arise, get thee out from this land, and return unto the land of thy kindred.

14And Rachel and Leah answered and said unto him, Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house?

15Are we not counted of him strangers? for he hath sold us, and hath quite devoured also our money.

16For all the riches which God hath taken from our father, that is ours, and our children’s: now then, whatsoever God hath said unto thee, do.

17Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives upon camels;

18And he carried away all his cattle, and all his goods which he had gotten, the cattle of his getting, which he had gotten in Padan-aram, for to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan.

19And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father’s.

20And Jacob stole away unawares to Laban the Syrian, in that he told him not that he fled.

21So he fled with all that he had; and he rose up, and passed over the river, and set his face toward the mount Gilead.

Genesis 31:22-42

Laban Pursues and Searches Jacob

Three days later Laban learns that Jacob has fled. He gathers relatives, pursues for seven days and catches the group in Gilead. Before the confrontation, God warns Laban in a dream not to act against Jacob. Laban accuses Jacob of stealing away and taking his daughters without farewell. He also demands the return of his household gods. Jacob admits that he left secretly because he feared Laban would seize Rachel and Leah. Not knowing Rachel took the images, Jacob says the guilty person should die. Laban searches every tent, but Rachel hides the images in camel equipment and sits on them. After the failed search, Jacob angrily lists twenty years of hard service and says God kept Laban from sending him away empty.

Genesis 31:22-42: Laban Pursues and Searches Jacob
Chapter sceneGenesis 31
Ancient Near East overview
Ancient Near East overview

In everyday life

An older relative follows a family that has moved away and arrives with several cousins. He demands to search every box for missing property. The man who moved agrees because he is certain nothing was taken. One family member, unknown to him, has hidden the disputed item inside luggage. The search fails, and years of resentment spill out. Unlike Laban, the older relative has received no divine warning about how he must act.

Notice

Genesis 31:32 Jacob promises death for whoever has Laban's gods because he does not know Rachel took them. His confidence makes the hidden theft far more dangerous than he realizes.

Genesis 31:22-42

King James Version

22And it was told Laban on the third day that Jacob was fled.

23And he took his brethren with him, and pursued after him seven days’ journey; and they overtook him in the mount Gilead.

24And God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream by night, and said unto him, Take heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.

25Then Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mount: and Laban with his brethren pitched in the mount of Gilead.

26And Laban said to Jacob, What hast thou done, that thou hast stolen away unawares to me, and carried away my daughters, as captives taken with the sword?

27Wherefore didst thou flee away secretly, and steal away from me; and didst not tell me, that I might have sent thee away with mirth, and with songs, with tabret, and with harp?

28And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? thou hast now done foolishly in so doing.

29It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad.

30And now, though thou wouldest needs be gone, because thou sore longedst after thy father’s house, yet wherefore hast thou stolen my gods?

31And Jacob answered and said to Laban, Because I was afraid: for I said, Peradventure thou wouldest take by force thy daughters from me.

32With whomsoever thou findest thy gods, let him not live: before our brethren discern thou what is thine with me, and take it to thee. For Jacob knew not that Rachel had stolen them.

33And Laban went into Jacob’s tent, and into Leah’s tent, and into the two maidservants’ tents; but he found them not. Then went he out of Leah’s tent, and entered into Rachel’s tent.

34Now Rachel had taken the images, and put them in the camel’s furniture, and sat upon them. And Laban searched all the tent, but found them not.

35And she said to her father, Let it not displease my lord that I cannot rise up before thee; for the custom of women is upon me. And he searched, but found not the images.

36And Jacob was wroth, and chode with Laban: and Jacob answered and said to Laban, What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast so hotly pursued after me?

37Whereas thou hast searched all my stuff, what hast thou found of all thy household stuff? set it here before my brethren and thy brethren, that they may judge betwixt us both.

38This twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she goats have not cast their young, and the rams of thy flock have I not eaten.

39That which was torn of beasts I brought not unto thee; I bare the loss of it; of my hand didst thou require it, whether stolen by day, or stolen by night.

40Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes.

41Thus have I been twenty years in thy house; I served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy cattle: and thou hast changed my wages ten times.

42Except the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely thou hadst sent me away now empty. God hath seen mine affliction and the labour of my hands, and rebuked thee yesternight.

Genesis 31:43-55

A Covenant Sets the Boundary

Laban answers by claiming the daughters, children and livestock as connected to him, but he does not take them back. Instead, he proposes a covenant, a binding agreement witnessed before God. Jacob raises a stone pillar, and the men pile stones into a heap. Laban and Jacob give the heap names in their own languages and treat it as a public marker. Laban says God should watch them when they are apart. He also demands that Jacob not mistreat his daughters or cross the boundary to harm him. Jacob accepts the agreement and swears an oath. He offers a sacrifice, the group shares a meal, and they stay overnight. In the morning Laban kisses his family, blesses them and returns home.

Genesis 31:43-55: A Covenant Sets the Boundary
Chapter sceneGenesis 31

In everyday life

Two neighbouring farmers end a long boundary dispute by meeting at the fence line with witnesses. They mark the agreed border, sign papers and share a meal after years of suspicion. Neither side becomes close, but both know where the other must stop. Jacob and Laban use stones, oaths and God as witness rather than a modern deed recorded by civil authorities.

Notice

Genesis 31:52 The stone heap is not mainly a monument to friendship. It marks a limit neither man is to cross for harm, showing how damaged their trust remains.

Genesis 31:43-55

King James Version

43And Laban answered and said unto Jacob, These daughters are my daughters, and these children are my children, and these cattle are my cattle, and all that thou seest is mine: and what can I do this day unto these my daughters, or unto their children which they have born?

44Now therefore come thou, let us make a covenant, I and thou; and let it be for a witness between me and thee.

45And Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar.

46And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made an heap: and they did eat there upon the heap.

47And Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha: but Jacob called it Galeed.

48And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed;

49And Mizpah; for he said, The LORD watch between me and thee, when we are absent one from another.

50If thou shalt afflict my daughters, or if thou shalt take other wives beside my daughters, no man is with us; see, God is witness betwixt me and thee.

51And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap, and behold this pillar, which I have cast betwixt me and thee;

52This heap be witness, and this pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm.

53The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge betwixt us. And Jacob sware by the fear of his father Isaac.

54Then Jacob offered sacrifice upon the mount, and called his brethren to eat bread: and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mount.

55And early in the morning Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them: and Laban departed, and returned unto his place.

Details worth noticing

55verses in this reading
3major movements
21verses with speech
9questions in the KJV text

The opening image

Genesis 31:1 begins with “And he heard the words of Laban’s sons, saying, Jacob hath taken away all that was our father’s; and of that which was our father’s hath he gotten all this…”

Where the chapter turns

Genesis 31:28 forms a natural hinge: “And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? thou hast now done foolishly in so doing.”

The final note

Genesis 31:55 leaves the reader with “And early in the morning Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them: and Laban departed, and returned unto his place.”

A word trail through the chapter

The words Jacob, Laban, cattle, father, daughters, brethren help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.

KJV words made clear

ringstraked
Marked with streaks or stripes of a different colour.
grisled
Spotted or mottled with mixed colouring.
tabret
A small hand drum or tambourine-like percussion instrument.
chode
Argued or quarrelled with someone in anger.
betwixt
Between, especially between two people or sides.

Music and video connected to the passage

Related media appears when its Scripture reference overlaps this study. Music and video can illuminate a theme while the biblical text remains the foundation.

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Source: eBible.org · eng-kjv2006