Proverbs 23

Proverbs 23

The big picture

Proverbs 23 opens in verse 1 with “When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee:”, reaches its middle movement near verse 18 with “For surely there is an end; and thine expectation shall not be cut off.”, and closes in verse 35 with “They have stricken me, shalt thou say, and I was not sick; they have beaten me, and I…” Repeated or prominent terms include heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth. Together, those details trace this chapter’s own movement from its opening to its conclusion.

Scripture beside the summary

Proverbs · King James Version · 35

Proverbs 23:1-7

1–7: When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is…

Proverbs 23:1–7 opens with “When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee:” and reaches “For as he thinketh in his heart, so is he: Eat and drink, saith he to thee; but his heart is not…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth, with particular weight carried by heart, appetite, bread.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee:” By verse 4, the text has turned to “Labour not to be rich: cease from thine own wisdom.” It lands on “For as he thinketh in his heart, so is he: Eat and drink, saith he to thee; but his heart is…” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 1 question, 1 stated contrast. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as heart, appetite, bread, cease, certainly, consider tie the complete block together. The central idea, “Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Eat, Labour, Wilt. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 5: “Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not? for riches certainly make themselves wings; they fly away as an eagle toward…” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: heart, appetite, bread, cease, certainly, consider

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 23:1

    “When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee:” The line’s distinctive content terms include consider, diligently, ruler. Its relationship to verses 2 shows what work it does in this passage.

  2. Proverbs 23:2

    “And put a knife to thy throat, if thou be a man given to appetite.” The line’s distinctive content terms include appetite, knife, throat. Its relationship to verses 1 and 3 shows what work it does in this passage.

  3. Proverbs 23:3

    “Be not desirous of his dainties: for they are deceitful meat.” The line’s distinctive content terms include dainties, deceitful, desirous. Its relationship to verses 2 and 4 shows what work it does in this passage.

  4. Proverbs 23:4

    “Labour not to be rich: cease from thine own wisdom.” Naming Labour keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  5. Proverbs 23:5

    “Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not? for riches certainly make themselves wings; they fly away as an eagle…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.

  6. Proverbs 23:6

    “Eat thou not the bread of him that hath an evil eye, neither desire thou his dainty meats:” Naming Eat keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  7. Proverbs 23:7

    “For as he thinketh in his heart, so is he: Eat and drink, saith he to thee; but his heart is not with thee.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

Proverbs 23:1-7

King James Version

1When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee:

2And put a knife to thy throat, if thou be a man given to appetite.

3Be not desirous of his dainties: for they are deceitful meat.

4Labour not to be rich: cease from thine own wisdom.

5Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not? for riches certainly make themselves wings; they fly away as an eagle toward heaven.

6Eat thou not the bread of him that hath an evil eye, neither desire thou his dainty meats:

7For as he thinketh in his heart, so is he: Eat and drink, saith he to thee; but his heart is not with thee.

Proverbs 23:8-14

8–14: The morsel which thou hast eaten shalt thou vomit up, and lose thy sweet…

Proverbs 23:8–14 opens with “The morsel which thou hast eaten shalt thou vomit up, and lose thy sweet words.” and reaches “Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from hell.” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth, with particular weight carried by words, ears, Apply.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “The morsel which thou hast eaten shalt thou vomit up, and lose thy sweet words.” By verse 11, the text has turned to “For their redeemer is mighty; he shall plead their cause with thee.” It lands on “Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from hell.” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. Its subjects, actions, connecting terms, and consequences reveal how the thought develops before any interpretation is added.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as words, ears, Apply, beat, beatest, cause tie the complete block together. The central idea, “Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Apply, Remove, Speak, Thou, Withhold. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 11: “For their redeemer is mighty; he shall plead their cause with thee.” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: words, ears, Apply, beat, beatest, cause

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 23:8

    “The morsel which thou hast eaten shalt thou vomit up, and lose thy sweet words.” The line’s distinctive content terms include eaten, lose, morsel. Its relationship to verses 9 shows what work it does in this passage.

  2. Proverbs 23:9

    “Speak not in the ears of a fool: for he will despise the wisdom of thy words.” Naming Speak keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  3. Proverbs 23:10

    “Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless:” Naming Remove keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  4. Proverbs 23:11

    “For their redeemer is mighty; he shall plead their cause with thee.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  5. Proverbs 23:12

    “Apply thine heart unto instruction, and thine ears to the words of knowledge.” Naming Apply keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  6. Proverbs 23:13

    “Withhold not correction from the child: for if thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  7. Proverbs 23:14

    “Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from hell.” Naming Thou keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

Proverbs 23:8-14

King James Version

8The morsel which thou hast eaten shalt thou vomit up, and lose thy sweet words.

9Speak not in the ears of a fool: for he will despise the wisdom of thy words.

10Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless:

11For their redeemer is mighty; he shall plead their cause with thee.

12Apply thine heart unto instruction, and thine ears to the words of knowledge.

13Withhold not correction from the child: for if thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die.

14Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from hell.

Proverbs 23:15-21

15–21: My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even mine.

Proverbs 23:15–21 opens with “My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even mine.” and reaches “For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness shall clothe a man with…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth, with particular weight carried by heart, rejoice, wise.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even mine.” By verse 18, the text has turned to “For surely there is an end; and thine expectation shall not be cut off.” It lands on “For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness shall clothe a man…” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 1 stated contrast, 1 verse naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as heart, rejoice, wise, clothe, drowsiness, drunkard tie the complete block together. The central idea, “Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Hear, Yea. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 18: “For surely there is an end; and thine expectation shall not be cut off.” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: heart, rejoice, wise, clothe, drowsiness, drunkard

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 23:15

    “My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even mine.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  2. Proverbs 23:16

    “Yea, my reins shall rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  3. Proverbs 23:17

    “Let not thine heart envy sinners: but be thou in the fear of the LORD all the day long.” The line’s distinctive content terms include envy, fear, heart. Its relationship to verses 16 and 18 shows what work it does in this passage.

  4. Proverbs 23:18

    “For surely there is an end; and thine expectation shall not be cut off.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  5. Proverbs 23:19

    “Hear thou, my son, and be wise, and guide thine heart in the way.” Naming Hear keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  6. Proverbs 23:20

    “Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh:” The line’s distinctive content terms include eaters, flesh, riotous. Its relationship to verses 19 and 21 shows what work it does in this passage.

  7. Proverbs 23:21

    “For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

Proverbs 23:15-21

King James Version

15My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even mine.

16Yea, my reins shall rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.

17Let not thine heart envy sinners: but be thou in the fear of the LORD all the day long.

18For surely there is an end; and thine expectation shall not be cut off.

19Hear thou, my son, and be wise, and guide thine heart in the way.

20Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh:

21For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags.

Proverbs 23:22-28

22–28: Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when…

Proverbs 23:22–28 opens with “Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.” and reaches “She also lieth in wait as for a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men.” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth, with particular weight carried by father, mother, rejoice.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.” By verse 25, the text has turned to “Thy father and thy mother shall be glad, and she that bare thee shall rejoice.” It lands on “She also lieth in wait as for a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men.” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. Its subjects, actions, connecting terms, and consequences reveal how the thought develops before any interpretation is added.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as father, mother, rejoice, bare, begat, begetteth tie the complete block together. The central idea, “Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Buy, Hearken, She, Thy. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 25: “Thy father and thy mother shall be glad, and she that bare thee shall rejoice.” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: father, mother, rejoice, bare, begat, begetteth

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 23:22

    “Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.” Naming Hearken keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  2. Proverbs 23:23

    “Buy the truth, and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.” Naming Buy keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  3. Proverbs 23:24

    “The father of the righteous shall greatly rejoice: and he that begetteth a wise child shall have joy of him.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  4. Proverbs 23:25

    “Thy father and thy mother shall be glad, and she that bare thee shall rejoice.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  5. Proverbs 23:26

    “My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my ways.” The line’s distinctive content terms include eyes, heart, observe. Its relationship to verses 25 and 27 shows what work it does in this passage.

  6. Proverbs 23:27

    “For a whore is a deep ditch; and a strange woman is a narrow pit.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  7. Proverbs 23:28

    “She also lieth in wait as for a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men.” Naming She keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

Proverbs 23:22-28

King James Version

22Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.

23Buy the truth, and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.

24The father of the righteous shall greatly rejoice: and he that begetteth a wise child shall have joy of him.

25Thy father and thy mother shall be glad, and she that bare thee shall rejoice.

26My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my ways.

27For a whore is a deep ditch; and a strange woman is a narrow pit.

28She also lieth in wait as for a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men.

Proverbs 23:29-35

29–35: Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling…

Proverbs 23:29–35 opens with “Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without…” and reaches “They have stricken me, shalt thou say, and I was not sick; they have beaten me, and I felt it…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth, with particular weight carried by wine, eyes, lieth.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds…” By verse 32, the text has turned to “At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder.” It lands on “They have stricken me, shalt thou say, and I was not sick; they have beaten me, and I felt…” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 2 questions. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Speaker, parallel lines, images, emotional movement, and changes in voice carry the argument. Wise guidance is richer than a mechanical promise. Words such as wine, eyes, lieth, seek, adder, aright tie the complete block together. The central idea, “Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Look, Thine, Yea. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 29: “Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes?” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: wine, eyes, lieth, seek, adder, aright

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Proverbs 23:29

    “Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.

  2. Proverbs 23:30

    “They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine.” The line’s distinctive content terms include wine, long, mixed. Its relationship to verses 29 and 31 shows what work it does in this passage.

  3. Proverbs 23:31

    “Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright.” Naming Look keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  4. Proverbs 23:32

    “At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder.” The line’s distinctive content terms include adder, biteth, last. Its relationship to verses 31 and 33 shows what work it does in this passage.

  5. Proverbs 23:33

    “Thine eyes shall behold strange women, and thine heart shall utter perverse things.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  6. Proverbs 23:34

    “Yea, thou shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of a mast.” Naming Yea keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  7. Proverbs 23:35

    “They have stricken me, shalt thou say, and I was not sick; they have beaten me, and I felt it not: when shall I awake…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.

Proverbs 23:29-35

King James Version

29Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes?

30They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine.

31Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright.

32At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder.

33Thine eyes shall behold strange women, and thine heart shall utter perverse things.

34Yea, thou shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of a mast.

35They have stricken me, shalt thou say, and I was not sick; they have beaten me, and I felt it not: when shall I awake? I will seek it yet again.

Questions to keep in mind while reading

  1. Follow the speaker, images, parallel lines, questions, and emotional movement.
  2. Notice where tension or suffering resists an easy answer.
  3. Read a saying as wisdom for faithful discernment, not as a mechanical promise detached from context.

Text first

Where readers differ

The chapter summary begins with what the passage says and how its parts fit together. It does not assume one denomination has already settled every question. Where a conclusion depends on a tradition, literary theory, or historical reconstruction, that dependence is named openly.

The KJV text is presented first. Interpretive conclusions are labeled, and differences are introduced only when they help a reader understand why serious communities do not always reach the same answer.

Comparative interpretive notes for this chapter are in preparation. Until reviewed notes are ready, this page separates the KJV text from summary and application without claiming that serious readers agree on every question.

Questions beneath the surface

  1. What account of God, human freedom, responsibility, and the good life emerges from Proverbs 23?
  2. Which tension does the chapter refuse to resolve quickly?
  3. What changes when the chapter is read as part of the whole canon rather than as an isolated moral story?
  4. Where might a sincere reader confuse a familiar tradition with something the text states directly?

Questions for serious personal contemplation

These open-ended questions make room for tension, honest response, prayer, and conclusions that remain accountable to the chapter.

Observe without rushing

  1. What part of Proverbs 23 makes you stop, feel unsettled, or feel surprised, and why?

  2. Which detail in the passage would be easiest to overlook? How does that detail change your understanding?

  3. Where do you see tension between what happens and this focus: Proverbs 23 develops its own movement around heart, eyes, rejoice, father, lieth?

  4. What important question does the passage leave open instead of resolving quickly?

Examine your inner life honestly

  1. Which person, response, fear, or desire in the passage feels most like your own life right now?

  2. What assumption about God, other people, or yourself does this text challenge?

  3. Which part would you rather soften, avoid, or explain away too quickly? What might that reaction reveal?

  4. If this Scripture could ask you one direct question, what do you think it would ask?

Respond with wisdom and courage

  1. What do you need to remember, confess, grieve, thank God for, or trust after reading this passage?

  2. How might another faithful person read this situation differently without ignoring the text?

  3. What obedient response would be costly, uncomfortable, or slow, yet still faithful to Scripture?

  4. What question will you carry into prayer this week, and which verses will you keep in front of you?