The big picture
1 Kings 3 opens in verse 1 with “And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh’s daughter, and…”, reaches its middle movement near verse 14 with “And if thou wilt walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as thy father…”, and closes in verse 28 with “And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the…” Repeated or prominent terms include king, child, LORD, asked, house. Together, those details trace this chapter’s own movement from its opening to its conclusion.
Scripture beside the summary
1 Kings · King James Version · 281 Kings 3:1-7
1–7: Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh’s…
1 Kings 3:1–7 opens with “And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh’s daughter, and brought…” and reaches “And now, O LORD my God, thou hast made thy servant king instead of David my father: and I am but…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Solomon asking for an understanding heart and judging between the two women and the living child, with particular weight carried by LORD, Solomon, David.
Context that brings the passage to life
“And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh’s daughter, and brought her into the city of…” Naming Pharaoh and David keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“Only the people sacrificed in high places, because there was no house built unto the name of the LORD , until those…” Naming Only keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And Solomon loved the LORD , walking in the statutes of David his father: only he sacrificed and burnt incense in high…” Naming David and Solomon keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
1 Kings 3:1-7
King James Version1And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh’s daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the LORD , and the wall of Jerusalem round about.
2Only the people sacrificed in high places, because there was no house built unto the name of the LORD , until those days.
3And Solomon loved the LORD , walking in the statutes of David his father: only he sacrificed and burnt incense in high places.
4And the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there; for that was the great high place: a thousand burnt offerings did Solomon offer upon that altar.
5In Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon in a dream by night: and God said, Ask what I shall give thee.
6And Solomon said, Thou hast shewed unto thy servant David my father great mercy, according as he walked before thee in truth, and in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with thee; and thou hast kept for him this great kindness, that thou hast given him a son to sit on his throne, as it is this day.
7And now, O LORD my God, thou hast made thy servant king instead of David my father: and I am but a little child: I know not how to go out or come in.
1 Kings 3:8-14
8–14: Thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a…
1 Kings 3:8–14 opens with “And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great people, that…” and reaches “And if thou wilt walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as thy father David…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Solomon asking for an understanding heart and judging between the two women and the living child, with particular weight carried by asked, people, thyself.
Context that brings the passage to life
This block contains 1 explicit questions. They are more than punctuation: they reveal where a voice is searching, challenging, afraid, or trying to understand.
“And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered nor…” The line’s distinctive content terms include people, chosen, counted. Its relationship to verses 9 shows what work it does in this passage.
“Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad: for…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.
1 Kings 3:8-14
King James Version8And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered nor counted for multitude.
9Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad: for who is able to judge this thy so great a people?
10And the speech pleased the Lord, that Solomon had asked this thing.
11And God said unto him, Because thou hast asked this thing, and hast not asked for thyself long life; neither hast asked riches for thyself, nor hast asked the life of thine enemies; but hast asked for thyself understanding to discern judgment;
12Behold, I have done according to thy words: lo, I have given thee a wise and an understanding heart; so that there was none like thee before thee, neither after thee shall any arise like unto thee.
13And I have also given thee that which thou hast not asked, both riches, and honour: so that there shall not be any among the kings like unto thee all thy days.
14And if thou wilt walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as thy father David did walk, then I will lengthen thy days.
1 Kings 3:15-21
15–21: Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream. And he came to Jerusalem…
1 Kings 3:15–21 opens with “And Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream. And he came to Jerusalem, and stood before the…” and reaches “And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead: but when I had…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Solomon asking for an understanding heart and judging between the two women and the living child, with particular weight carried by child, house, delivered.
Context that brings the passage to life
“And Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream. And he came to Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the covenant of…” The promise, blessing, or covenant language needs its named recipient and scope. Those details prevent a personal word in the story from becoming a promise detached from context.
“Then came there two women, that were harlots, unto the king, and stood before him.” The number two makes the report concrete. Ask whether it measures time, people, distance, repetition, or completeness before deciding what weight it carries.
1 Kings 3:15-21
King James Version15And Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream. And he came to Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the covenant of the LORD , and offered up burnt offerings, and offered peace offerings, and made a feast to all his servants.
16Then came there two women, that were harlots, unto the king, and stood before him.
17And the one woman said, O my lord, I and this woman dwell in one house; and I was delivered of a child with her in the house.
18And it came to pass the third day after that I was delivered, that this woman was delivered also: and we were together; there was no stranger with us in the house, save we two in the house.
19And this woman’s child died in the night; because she overlaid it.
20And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while thine handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom.
21And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead: but when I had considered it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, which I did bear.
1 Kings 3:22-28
22–28: The other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the dead is thy…
1 Kings 3:22–28 opens with “And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the dead is thy son. And this said…” and reaches “And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king: for…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Solomon asking for an understanding heart and judging between the two women and the living child, with particular weight carried by king, living, child.
Context that brings the passage to life
“And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the dead is thy son. And this said, No; but the dead is…” Naming Nay keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“Then said the king, The one saith, This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead: and the other saith, Nay; but…” The number one makes the report concrete. Ask whether it measures time, people, distance, repetition, or completeness before deciding what weight it carries.
“And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword before the king.” Naming Bring keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
1 Kings 3:22-28
King James Version22And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the dead is thy son. And this said, No; but the dead is thy son, and the living is my son. Thus they spake before the king.
23Then said the king, The one saith, This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead: and the other saith, Nay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living.
24And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword before the king.
25And the king said, Divide the living child in two, and give half to the one, and half to the other.
26Then spake the woman whose the living child was unto the king, for her bowels yearned upon her son, and she said, O my lord, give her the living child, and in no wise slay it. But the other said, Let it be neither mine nor thine, but divide it.
27Then the king answered and said, Give her the living child, and in no wise slay it: she is the mother thereof.
28And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king: for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do judgment.
Details worth noticing
The opening image
1 Kings 3:1 begins with “And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh’s daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of…”
Where the chapter turns
1 Kings 3:16 forms a natural hinge: “Then came there two women, that were harlots, unto the king, and stood before him.”
The final note
1 Kings 3:28 leaves the reader with “And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king: for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do judgment.”
A word trail through the chapter
The words king, child, LORD, asked, house, living help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.
How does blame move through the conversation?
The man points to the woman and indirectly to God; the woman points to the serpent. Neither response repairs trust.
Where does mercy appear?
Continued life, the promise involving offspring, and clothing accompany the expulsion.
KJV words made clear
- behold
- look, or pay close attention
- unto
- to
- thee
- you
- thou
- you
- thy
- your
Text first
Where readers differ
The chapter summary begins with what the passage says and how its parts fit together. It does not assume one denomination has already settled every question. Where a conclusion depends on a tradition, literary theory, or historical reconstruction, that dependence is named openly.
The KJV text is presented first. Interpretive conclusions are labeled, and differences are introduced only when they help a reader understand why serious communities do not always reach the same answer.
Comparative interpretive notes for this chapter are in preparation. Until reviewed notes are ready, this page separates the KJV text from summary and application without claiming that serious readers agree on every question.
