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Solomon Removes Threats to His Throne

1 Kings 2

The big picture

Solomon, the newly appointed king of Israel, the people ruled by his father, receives counsel from David, his dying father. The old king is near death, but old debts and acts of violence remain unsettled. Some men helped him in danger. Others harmed him or backed a rival son. Solomon must now decide how to deal with them. The chapter joins a call to obey God with executions, removal from office, and a tightly controlled offer of mercy.

In this chapter

Central truth

Solomon secures his reign by rewarding past loyalty and removing rivals, while David's final charge places the king under God's law.

1 Kings 2: Solomon Removes Threats to His Throne
Chapter scene1 Kings 2

Scripture beside the summary

1 Kings · King James Version · 46

1 Kings 2:1-12

David Leaves Commands and Unfinished Debts

David urges Solomon to be strong and obey the law God gave through Moses, Israel's earlier leader. Faithful conduct is tied to the promise of an enduring royal line. David then names unfinished matters. Joab killed two commanders in a time of peace and must not die peacefully. The sons of Barzillai, a man who helped David in flight, should eat at the royal table. Shimei, who cursed David, must also face a bloody end. David dies after forty years as king, and Solomon takes firm control.

In everyday life

The dying landowner gives his daughter the estate rules, then names people who helped or harmed him. She writes both lists beside the deed, knowing that managing the property will include unfinished relationships. The inheritance carries a past as well as a future. David also directs lethal judgment, which this family handover cannot justify.

Notice

1 Kings 2:7 David asks for kindness to reach Barzillai's sons. The help once given to a fleeing king is to benefit the helper's household after David dies.

1 Kings 2:1-12

King James Version

1Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged Solomon his son, saying,

2I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong therefore, and shew thyself a man;

3And keep the charge of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself:

4That the LORD may continue his word which he spake concerning me, saying, If thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the throne of Israel.

5Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

6Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace.

7But shew kindness unto the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be of those that eat at thy table: for so they came to me when I fled because of Absalom thy brother.

8And, behold, thou hast with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I sware to him by the LORD, saying, I will not put thee to death with the sword.

9Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou art a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood.

10So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David.

11And the days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem.

12Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his kingdom was established greatly.

1 Kings 2:13-25

Adonijah's Marriage Request Leads to Death

Adonijah asks Bath-sheba to seek Abishag as his wife. He admits that God gave the kingdom to Solomon, yet says the throne was once expected to be his. Bath-sheba brings the request to her son. Solomon treats it as a renewed claim on royal power, not an innocent marriage plan. He connects Adonijah with his former supporters, Joab and Abiathar. Swearing by God, Solomon orders his brother's death that day. Benaiah carries out the order. The mercy granted after the failed bid for kingship has ended.

In everyday life

The new company head hears that his displaced brother wants the founder's private suite and ceremonial chair. He sees another claim to control in what sounds like a request for furniture. Their mother's attempt to help deepens the conflict. Solomon responds with execution, not a dispute over the symbols of a business role.

Notice

1 Kings 2:22 Solomon links the request with Adonijah's earlier allies. He reads it through the rival bid for the throne rather than treating it as an isolated wish.

1 Kings 2:13-25

King James Version

13And Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bath-sheba the mother of Solomon. And she said, Comest thou peaceably? And he said, Peaceably.

14He said moreover, I have somewhat to say unto thee. And she said, Say on.

15And he said, Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign: howbeit the kingdom is turned about, and is become my brother’s: for it was his from the LORD.

16And now I ask one petition of thee, deny me not. And she said unto him, Say on.

17And he said, Speak, I pray thee, unto Solomon the king, (for he will not say thee nay,) that he give me Abishag the Shunammite to wife.

18And Bath-sheba said, Well; I will speak for thee unto the king.

19Bath-sheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king’s mother; and she sat on his right hand.

20Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; I pray thee, say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother: for I will not say thee nay.

21And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife.

22And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.

23Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life.

24Now therefore, as the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death this day.

25And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died.

1 Kings 2:26-27

Abiathar Loses His Priestly Office

Solomon tells Abiathar to return to his fields at Anathoth, a town outside the royal centre. He says the priest deserves death but will be spared for now. Abiathar carried God's sacred chest before David and shared the king's hardships. That past service matters even after his support for Adonijah. Solomon removes him from the priesthood instead of killing him. The account connects this removal with God's earlier word against Eli's family at Shiloh, an earlier place of worship. A court decision also fulfils an older judgment.

Abiathar sent home to Anathoth
Chapter scene1 Kings 2
The divided kingdom
The divided kingdom

In everyday life

The choir trustee removes a long-serving treasurer after a breach of trust, but allows him to retain his room in the church cottage. Years of service count in the response without erasing the breach. He leaves the accounts book on the table. Abiathar's removal also fulfils God's judgment on a priestly family.

Notice

1 Kings 2:26 Solomon names Abiathar's shared suffering with David as a reason to spare him. Removal from office does not mean every earlier act of service is forgotten.

1 Kings 2:26-27

King James Version

26And unto Abiathar the priest said the king, Get thee to Anathoth, unto thine own fields; for thou art worthy of death: but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou barest the ark of the Lord GOD before David my father, and because thou hast been afflicted in all wherein my father was afflicted.

27So Solomon thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the LORD; that he might fulfil the word of the LORD, which he spake concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh.

1 Kings 2:28-35

Joab Cannot Escape Death at the Altar

News reaches Joab, who had backed Adonijah. He flees to the sacred tent and grips the altar's horns. When Benaiah orders him out, he refuses and says he will die there. Solomon commands Benaiah to kill and bury him. He points to Joab's murders of Abner and Amasa, two commanders killed without David's knowledge. Their blood, he says, must fall on Joab rather than David's house. Benaiah kills Joab and replaces him over the army. Zadok also takes the priestly place vacated by Abiathar.

Joab holds the horns of the altar
Chapter scene1 Kings 2

In everyday life

A security officer waits at a courthouse chapel while a fugitive refuses to leave. The quiet room does not cancel the warrant or answer the charges against him. The officer returns to report the refusal rather than invent a ruling. Joab is killed by royal order at a sacred altar, not arrested for trial.

Notice

1 Kings 2:32 Solomon says David did not know of the two killings. His stated aim is to separate his father's house from the guilt Joab brought through them.

1 Kings 2:28-35

King James Version

28Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.

29And it was told king Solomon that Joab was fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD; and, behold, he is by the altar. Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, Go, fall upon him.

30And Benaiah came to the tabernacle of the LORD, and said unto him, Thus saith the king, Come forth. And he said, Nay; but I will die here. And Benaiah brought the king word again, saying, Thus said Joab, and thus he answered me.

31And the king said unto him, Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the innocent blood, which Joab shed, from me, and from the house of my father.

32And the LORD shall return his blood upon his own head, who fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, my father David not knowing thereof, to wit, Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah.

33Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the LORD.

34So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up, and fell upon him, and slew him: and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness.

35And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar.

1 Kings 2:36-46

Shimei Breaks the Terms of His Safety

Solomon orders Shimei to live in Jerusalem and never leave. He warns that leaving will bring death, and Shimei accepts. Three years later, two servants flee to Gath, a foreign city. Shimei goes there to retrieve them, then returns. Solomon summons him and recalls both the sworn condition and his wrong against David. Shimei knew the terms yet broke them. The king orders Benaiah to kill him. The chapter closes with Solomon's hold on the kingdom firm after the removal of these men.

Shimei returns from Gath
Chapter scene1 Kings 2

In everyday life

The man under a court travel restriction leaves his town to recover a stolen van. He returns with it and expects the good result to settle the matter. His supervisor points to the boundary he agreed not to cross. Shimei's broken condition carries a death sentence imposed by the king, unlike this supervision order.

Notice

1 Kings 2:43 Solomon calls the condition an oath before God as well as a royal command. Shimei's trip is judged against a promise he knowingly accepted.

1 Kings 2:36-46

King James Version

36And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Build thee an house in Jerusalem, and dwell there, and go not forth thence any whither.

37For it shall be, that on the day thou goest out, and passest over the brook Kidron, thou shalt know for certain that thou shalt surely die: thy blood shall be upon thine own head.

38And Shimei said unto the king, The saying is good: as my lord the king hath said, so will thy servant do. And Shimei dwelt in Jerusalem many days.

39And it came to pass at the end of three years, that two of the servants of Shimei ran away unto Achish son of Maachah king of Gath. And they told Shimei, saying, Behold, thy servants be in Gath.

40And Shimei arose, and saddled his ass, and went to Gath to Achish to seek his servants: and Shimei went, and brought his servants from Gath.

41And it was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and was come again.

42And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Did I not make thee to swear by the LORD, and protested unto thee, saying, Know for a certain, on the day thou goest out, and walkest abroad any whither, that thou shalt surely die? and thou saidst unto me, The word that I have heard is good.

43Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with?

44The king said moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thine heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head;

45And king Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the LORD for ever.

46So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; which went out, and fell upon him, that he died. And the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.

Details worth noticing

46verses in this reading
5major movements
18verses with speech
4questions in the KJV text

The opening image

1 Kings 2:1 begins with “Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged Solomon his son, saying,”

Where the chapter turns

1 Kings 2:23 forms a natural hinge: “Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life.”

The final note

1 Kings 2:46 leaves the reader with “So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; which went out, and fell upon him, that he died. And the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.”

A word trail through the chapter

The words king, LORD, Solomon, David, Shimei, Joab help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.

KJV words made clear

hoar
Grey with age, used here of an older man's hair.

Music and video connected to the passage

Related media appears when its Scripture reference overlaps this study. Music and video can illuminate a theme while the biblical text remains the foundation.

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Source: eBible.org · eng-kjv2006