The big picture
Isaiah 51 opens in verse 1 with “Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD : look unto the…”, reaches its middle movement near verse 12 with “I, even I, am he that comforteth you: who art thou, that thou shouldest be afraid of a…”, and closes in verse 23 with “But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul…” Repeated or prominent terms include LORD, people, awake, fury, hand. Together, those details trace this chapter’s own movement from its opening to its conclusion.
Scripture beside the summary
Isaiah · King James Version · 23Isaiah 51:1-8
1–8: Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD…
Isaiah 51:1–8 opens with “Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD : look unto the rock…” and reaches “For the moth shall eat them up like a garment, and the worm shall eat them like wool: but my…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Isaiah 51 develops its own movement around LORD, people, awake, fury, hand, with particular weight carried by righteousness, people, Hearken.
Context that brings the passage to life
“Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD : look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and…” Naming Hearken keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“For the LORD shall comfort Zion: he will comfort all her waste places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden, and…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.
“My righteousness is near; my salvation is gone forth, and mine arms shall judge the people; the isles shall wait upon…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.
“Hearken unto me, ye that know righteousness, the people in whose heart is my law; fear ye not the reproach of men…” Naming Hearken keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
Isaiah 51:1-8
King James Version1Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD : look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence ye are digged.
2Look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him.
3For the LORD shall comfort Zion: he will comfort all her waste places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of the LORD ; joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of melody.
4Hearken unto me, my people; and give ear unto me, O my nation: for a law shall proceed from me, and I will make my judgment to rest for a light of the people.
5My righteousness is near; my salvation is gone forth, and mine arms shall judge the people; the isles shall wait upon me, and on mine arm shall they trust.
6Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look upon the earth beneath: for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shall not be abolished.
7Hearken unto me, ye that know righteousness, the people in whose heart is my law; fear ye not the reproach of men, neither be ye afraid of their revilings.
8For the moth shall eat them up like a garment, and the worm shall eat them like wool: but my righteousness shall be for ever, and my salvation from generation to generation.
Isaiah 51:9-16
9–16: Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD ; awake, as in the…
Isaiah 51:9–16 opens with “Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD ; awake, as in the ancient days, in the…” and reaches “And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Isaiah 51 develops its own movement around LORD, people, awake, fury, hand, with particular weight carried by LORD, awake, earth.
Context that brings the passage to life
This block contains 3 explicit questions. They are more than punctuation: they reveal where a voice is searching, challenging, afraid, or trying to understand.
“Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD ; awake, as in the ancient days, in the generations of old. Art thou…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.
“Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; and everlasting joy shall be upon…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.
“And forgettest the LORD thy maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth; and…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.
Isaiah 51:9-16
King James Version9Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD ; awake, as in the ancient days, in the generations of old. Art thou not it that hath cut Rahab, and wounded the dragon?
10Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great deep; that hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to pass over?
11Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; and everlasting joy shall be upon their head: they shall obtain gladness and joy; and sorrow and mourning shall flee away.
12I, even I, am he that comforteth you: who art thou, that thou shouldest be afraid of a man that shall die, and of the son of man which shall be made as grass;
13And forgettest the LORD thy maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth; and hast feared continually every day because of the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready to destroy? and where is the fury of the oppressor?
14The captive exile hasteneth that he may be loosed, and that he should not die in the pit, nor that his bread should fail.
15But I am the LORD thy God, that divided the sea, whose waves roared: The LORD of hosts is his name.
16And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people.
Isaiah 51:17-23
17–23: Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the hand of the…
Isaiah 51:17–23 opens with “Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the hand of the LORD the cup of his…” and reaches “But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Isaiah 51 develops its own movement around LORD, people, awake, fury, hand, with particular weight carried by hand, LORD, fury.
Context that brings the passage to life
This block contains 1 explicit questions. They are more than punctuation: they reveal where a voice is searching, challenging, afraid, or trying to understand.
“Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the hand of the LORD the cup of his fury; thou hast drunken…” Naming Awake and Jerusalem keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the…” The line’s distinctive content terms include sons, guide, hand. Its relationship to verses 17 and 19 shows what work it does in this passage.
Isaiah 51:17-23
King James Version17Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the hand of the LORD the cup of his fury; thou hast drunken the dregs of the cup of trembling, and wrung them out.
18There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up.
19These two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee?
20Thy sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of the fury of the LORD , the rebuke of thy God.
21Therefore hear now this, thou afflicted, and drunken, but not with wine:
22Thus saith thy Lord the LORD , and thy God that pleadeth the cause of his people, Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of my fury; thou shalt no more drink it again:
23But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we may go over: and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the street, to them that went over.
Details worth noticing
The opening image
Isaiah 51:1 begins with “Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD : look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence ye are…”
Where the chapter turns
Isaiah 51:11 forms a natural hinge: “Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; and everlasting joy shall be upon their head: they shall obtain gladness…”
The final note
Isaiah 51:23 leaves the reader with “But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we may go over: and thou hast laid thy body as the…”
A word trail through the chapter
The words LORD, people, awake, fury, hand, righteousness help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.
KJV words made clear
- behold
- look, or pay close attention
- unto
- to
- thee
- you
- thou
- you
- thy
- your
Text first
Where readers differ
The chapter summary begins with what the passage says and how its parts fit together. It does not assume one denomination has already settled every question. Where a conclusion depends on a tradition, literary theory, or historical reconstruction, that dependence is named openly.
The KJV text is presented first. Interpretive conclusions are labeled, and differences are introduced only when they help a reader understand why serious communities do not always reach the same answer.
Comparative interpretive notes for this chapter are in preparation. Until reviewed notes are ready, this page separates the KJV text from summary and application without claiming that serious readers agree on every question.
