The big picture
Joshua 10 opens in verse 1 with “Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken…”, reaches its middle movement near verse 22 with “Then said Joshua, Open the mouth of the cave, and bring out those five kings unto me out…”, and closes in verse 43 with “And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.” Repeated or prominent terms include Joshua, king, Israel, LORD, smote. Together, those details trace this chapter’s own movement from its opening to its conclusion.
Scripture beside the summary
Joshua · King James Version · 43Joshua 10:1-8
1–8: It came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua…
Joshua 10:1–8 opens with “Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and…” and reaches “And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear them not: for I have delivered them into thine hand; there…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Joshua’s defense of Gibeon as the battle continues under the prolonged day, with particular weight carried by king, Gibeon, Joshua.
Context that brings the passage to life
“Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed…” Naming Adoni and Gibeon keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“Wherefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.
“Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.
“So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valour.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.
Joshua 10:1-8
King James Version1Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;
2That they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty.
3Wherefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,
4Come up unto me, and help me, that we may smite Gibeon: for it hath made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel.
5Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it.
6And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, saying, Slack not thy hand from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us: for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the mountains are gathered together against us.
7So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valour.
8And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear them not: for I have delivered them into thine hand; there shall not a man of them stand before thee.
Joshua 10:9-16
9–16: Joshua therefore came unto them suddenly, and went up from Gilgal all…
Joshua 10:9–16 opens with “Joshua therefore came unto them suddenly, and went up from Gilgal all night.” and reaches “But these five kings fled, and hid themselves in a cave at Makkedah.” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Joshua’s defense of Gibeon as the battle continues under the prolonged day, with particular weight carried by Israel, LORD, Joshua.
Context that brings the passage to life
This block contains 1 explicit questions. They are more than punctuation: they reveal where a voice is searching, challenging, afraid, or trying to understand.
“Joshua therefore came unto them suddenly, and went up from Gilgal all night.” Naming Gilgal and Joshua keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, and were in the going down to Beth-horon, that the LORD cast…” This familiar narrative signal moves the clock forward. What follows is a new scene, consequence, or answer to an earlier tension.
“And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.
Joshua 10:9-16
King James Version9Joshua therefore came unto them suddenly, and went up from Gilgal all night.
10And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth up to Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.
11And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, and were in the going down to Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: they were more which died with hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.
12Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon.
13And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.
14And there was no day like that before it or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel.
15And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.
16But these five kings fled, and hid themselves in a cave at Makkedah.
Joshua 10:17-24
17–24: It was told Joshua, saying, The five kings are found hid in a cave at…
Joshua 10:17–24 opens with “And it was told Joshua, saying, The five kings are found hid in a cave at Makkedah.” and reaches “And it came to pass, when they brought out those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Joshua’s defense of Gibeon as the battle continues under the prolonged day, with particular weight carried by Joshua, cave, king.
Context that brings the passage to life
“And it was told Joshua, saying, The five kings are found hid in a cave at Makkedah.” The number five makes the report concrete. Ask whether it measures time, people, distance, repetition, or completeness before deciding what weight it carries.
“And stay ye not, but pursue after your enemies, and smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to enter into their…” The verse names God rather than leaving the action without a source. Watch whether the next line continues, answers, or contrasts that action.
“And all the people returned to the camp to Joshua at Makkedah in peace: none moved his tongue against any of the…” Naming Israel and Joshua keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And they did so, and brought forth those five kings unto him out of the cave, the king of Jerusalem, the king of…” The number five makes the report concrete. Ask whether it measures time, people, distance, repetition, or completeness before deciding what weight it carries.
Joshua 10:17-24
King James Version17And it was told Joshua, saying, The five kings are found hid in a cave at Makkedah.
18And Joshua said, Roll great stones upon the mouth of the cave, and set men by it for to keep them:
19And stay ye not, but pursue after your enemies, and smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to enter into their cities: for the LORD your God hath delivered them into your hand.
20And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, that the rest which remained of them entered into fenced cities.
21And all the people returned to the camp to Joshua at Makkedah in peace: none moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel.
22Then said Joshua, Open the mouth of the cave, and bring out those five kings unto me out of the cave.
23And they did so, and brought forth those five kings unto him out of the cave, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon.
24And it came to pass, when they brought out those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the captains of the men of war which went with him, Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings. And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.
Joshua 10:25-32
25–32: Joshua said unto them, Fear not, nor be dismayed, be strong and of good…
Joshua 10:25–32 opens with “And Joshua said unto them, Fear not, nor be dismayed, be strong and of good courage: for thus…” and reaches “And the LORD delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, which took it on the second day, and…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Joshua’s defense of Gibeon as the battle continues under the prolonged day, with particular weight carried by Joshua, king, Israel.
Context that brings the passage to life
“And Joshua said unto them, Fear not, nor be dismayed, be strong and of good courage: for thus shall the LORD do to all…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.
“And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the…” This familiar narrative signal moves the clock forward. What follows is a new scene, consequence, or answer to an earlier tension.
“Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah:” Naming Libnah and Israel keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it:” Naming Israel and Joshua keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
Joshua 10:25-32
King James Version25And Joshua said unto them, Fear not, nor be dismayed, be strong and of good courage: for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.
26And afterward Joshua smote them, and slew them, and hanged them on five trees: and they were hanging upon the trees until the evening.
27And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had been hid, and laid great stones in the cave’s mouth, which remain until this very day.
28And that day Joshua took Makkedah, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof he utterly destroyed, them, and all the souls that were therein; he let none remain: and he did to the king of Makkedah as he did unto the king of Jericho.
29Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah:
30And the LORD delivered it also, and the king thereof, into the hand of Israel; and he smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein; he let none remain in it; but did unto the king thereof as he did unto the king of Jericho.
31And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it:
32And the LORD delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, which took it on the second day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein, according to all that he had done to Libnah.
Joshua 10:33-40
33–40: Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua smote him and…
Joshua 10:33–40 opens with “Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua smote him and his people, until he…” and reaches “So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Joshua’s defense of Gibeon as the battle continues under the prolonged day, with particular weight carried by Joshua, king, smote.
Context that brings the passage to life
“Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua smote him and his people, until he had left him none…” Naming Gezer and Horam keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And they took it on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein he utterly…” Naming Lachish keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And they took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof, and all…” Naming Eglon keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
“And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and…” Naming Debir and Hebron keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.
Joshua 10:33-40
King James Version33Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua smote him and his people, until he had left him none remaining.
34And from Lachish Joshua passed unto Eglon, and all Israel with him; and they encamped against it, and fought against it:
35And they took it on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein he utterly destroyed that day, according to all that he had done to Lachish.
36And Joshua went up from Eglon, and all Israel with him, unto Hebron; and they fought against it:
37And they took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof, and all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining, according to all that he had done to Eglon; but destroyed it utterly, and all the souls that were therein.
38And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to Debir; and fought against it:
39And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining: as he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the king thereof; as he had done also to Libnah, and to her king.
40So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded.
Joshua 10:41-43
41–43: Joshua smote them from Kadesh-barnea even unto Gaza, and all the country…
Joshua 10:41–43 opens with “And Joshua smote them from Kadesh-barnea even unto Gaza, and all the country of Goshen, even…” and reaches “And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Joshua’s defense of Gibeon as the battle continues under the prolonged day, with particular weight carried by Israel, Joshua, barnea.
Joshua 10:41-43
King James Version41And Joshua smote them from Kadesh-barnea even unto Gaza, and all the country of Goshen, even unto Gibeon.
42And all these kings and their land did Joshua take at one time, because the LORD God of Israel fought for Israel.
43And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.
Details worth noticing
The opening image
Joshua 10:1 begins with “Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her…”
Where the chapter turns
Joshua 10:22 forms a natural hinge: “Then said Joshua, Open the mouth of the cave, and bring out those five kings unto me out of the cave.”
The final note
Joshua 10:43 leaves the reader with “And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.”
A word trail through the chapter
The words Joshua, king, Israel, LORD, smote, kings help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.
Why list the nations before introducing Abram?
The blessing promised through Abram will concern the families of the earth, not an isolated group.
What organizes the table?
Families, lands, nations and languages recur, linking people with place and relationship.
KJV words made clear
- unto
- to
- thee
- you
- thou
- you
- thy
- your
- hath
- has
Text first
Where readers differ
The chapter summary begins with what the passage says and how its parts fit together. It does not assume one denomination has already settled every question. Where a conclusion depends on a tradition, literary theory, or historical reconstruction, that dependence is named openly.
The KJV text is presented first. Interpretive conclusions are labeled, and differences are introduced only when they help a reader understand why serious communities do not always reach the same answer.
Comparative interpretive notes for this chapter are in preparation. Until reviewed notes are ready, this page separates the KJV text from summary and application without claiming that serious readers agree on every question.
