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The King Faces His Opponents

Matthew 21

The big picture

The healer Jesus reaches Jerusalem, the city with God's temple. Crowds welcome him as the promised king from the line of David, Israel's earlier king. His acts in the temple soon bring him into conflict with its leaders. He heals people, accepts children's praise, and challenges the trade that fills the courts. The leaders ask who gave him this right. Jesus answers with questions and accounts that expose their refusal to trust God.

In this chapter

Central truth

Jesus receives a king's welcome, then exposes leaders whose words and rank hide their refusal to obey God.

Matthew 21: The King Faces His Opponents
Chapter sceneMatthew 21

Scripture beside the summary

Matthew · King James Version · 46

Matthew 21:1-11

Crowds Welcome the Humble King

Near Bethphage, a village by the mount of Olives outside Jerusalem, Jesus sends two followers ahead. They must bring a donkey and her young colt. Jesus knows where the animals are and what to say if challenged. The followers place clothes on them, and Jesus rides into the city. Matthew links this arrival with a prophet's promise of a humble king coming to Sion, another name for Jerusalem. People spread clothes and branches along the road. Their shouts honour Jesus as David's royal heir and call for God's saving help. The stirred city asks who he is. The crowd names him as a prophet from Nazareth, a town in the region of Galilee.

Matthew 21:1-11: Crowds Welcome the Humble King
Chapter sceneMatthew 21

In everyday life

A returning captain walks through the club gate carrying her own kit. Young players lay their scarves along the path and call her name. She accepts their welcome without demanding a grand car or a raised platform. Her plain arrival does not lessen the honour they give her. Jesus enters as the promised king, not a sports leader.

Notice

Matthew 21:9 The crowd uses David's name rather than naming only Jesus' home town. Its praise carries a claim about kingship, even before the city asks who has arrived.

Matthew 21:1-11

King James Version

1And when they drew nigh unto Jerusalem, and were come to Bethphage, unto the mount of Olives, then sent Jesus two disciples,

2Saying unto them, Go into the village over against you, and straightway ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her: loose them, and bring them unto me.

3And if any man say ought unto you, ye shall say, The Lord hath need of them; and straightway he will send them.

4All this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying,

5Tell ye the daughter of Sion, Behold, thy King cometh unto thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass, and a colt the foal of an ass.

6And the disciples went, and did as Jesus commanded them,

7And brought the ass, and the colt, and put on them their clothes, and they set him thereon.

8And a very great multitude spread their garments in the way; others cut down branches from the trees, and strawed them in the way.

9And the multitudes that went before, and that followed, cried, saying, Hosanna to the Son of David: Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord; Hosanna in the highest.

10And when he was come into Jerusalem, all the city was moved, saying, Who is this?

11And the multitude said, This is Jesus the prophet of Nazareth of Galilee.

Matthew 21:12-17

Trade Gives Way to Healing

Inside the temple, Jesus drives out buyers and sellers. He overturns exchange tables and the seats of dove sellers. Such trade served worshippers who needed offerings and suitable money. Jesus says they have turned God's place of prayer into a hideout for thieves. Then blind people and those unable to walk come to him, and he heals them. The chief priests and scribes, experts in the sacred law, resent both his works and the children's praise. Jesus defends that praise with Scripture about praise from very young mouths. He then leaves for Bethany, a village near the city, and stays there.

Matthew 21:12-17: Trade Gives Way to Healing
Chapter sceneMatthew 21

In everyday life

A hospice director clears sales stands from a room set aside for grieving families. She moves chairs back into small groups and opens the doors to those waiting outside. A child thanks her while stallholders complain about lost space. Jesus claims the temple for God's prayer and heals people there; the director restores a room's use.

Notice

Matthew 21:14 Healing takes place in the same temple where tables have fallen. Jesus removes harmful trade and welcomes people whose needs now receive his care.

Matthew 21:12-17

King James Version

12And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves,

13And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves.

14And the blind and the lame came to him in the temple; and he healed them.

15And when the chief priests and scribes saw the wonderful things that he did, and the children crying in the temple, and saying, Hosanna to the Son of David; they were sore displeased,

16And said unto him, Hearest thou what these say? And Jesus saith unto them, Yea; have ye never read, Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast perfected praise?

17And he left them, and went out of the city into Bethany; and he lodged there.

Matthew 21:18-22

A Fruitless Tree Withers

On his way back into Jerusalem, Jesus is hungry. He approaches a fig tree but finds leaves without fruit. He says it will never bear fruit again, and it withers at once. His followers ask how this happened so quickly. Jesus turns their attention to faith and prayer. He says that trust without doubt can move even a mountain into the sea. This is a striking claim about what God can do through prayer. The tree also fits the chapter's concern with outward signs that lack the fruit God seeks. Jesus does not give a lesson in farming.

Matthew 21:18-22: A Fruitless Tree Withers
Chapter sceneMatthew 21

In everyday life

A trainee potter grips the wheel and stops each time the clay leans. Her teacher asks her to trust the method she has learned and keep her hands steady. She forms a bowl once she stops pulling away at every turn. Her trust works within a craft; Jesus speaks of prayer receiving what human skill cannot achieve.

Notice

Matthew 21:20 The followers ask about the speed of the withering. Jesus answers about faith, moving their attention from the ruined tree to trust in God.

Matthew 21:18-22

King James Version

18Now in the morning as he returned into the city, he hungered.

19And when he saw a fig tree in the way, he came to it, and found nothing thereon, but leaves only, and said unto it, Let no fruit grow on thee henceforward for ever. And presently the fig tree withered away.

20And when the disciples saw it, they marvelled, saying, How soon is the fig tree withered away!

21Jesus answered and said unto them, Verily I say unto you, If ye have faith, and doubt not, ye shall not only do this which is done to the fig tree, but also if ye shall say unto this mountain, Be thou removed, and be thou cast into the sea; it shall be done.

22And all things, whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive.

Matthew 21:23-27

Leaders Refuse to Answer

The chief priests and the people's elders challenge Jesus while he teaches in the temple. They want to know who gave him the right to act. Jesus offers to answer if they answer one question first. Did the baptism of John, the preacher who called people to turn from sin, come from God or from people? The leaders discuss which answer will cost them less. If God sent John, their refusal to believe him is exposed. If he acted on his own, the crowd will object. They claim not to know. Jesus then declines to answer their question about his right to act.

Matthew 21:23-27: Leaders Refuse to Answer
Chapter sceneMatthew 21
Galilee and Judea
Galilee and Judea

In everyday life

A boxing referee asks a coach whether an agreed safety rule still applies. The coach has challenged a stopped bout but knows the rule required the stoppage. He looks toward his angry supporters and avoids giving an answer. The referee leaves his protest unanswered. Jesus' question tests belief in God's messenger, not agreement with a sporting rule.

Notice

Matthew 21:25 The leaders discuss the effects of each answer instead of asking which is true. Their own debate reveals why they will not answer Jesus.

Matthew 21:23-27

King James Version

23And when he was come into the temple, the chief priests and the elders of the people came unto him as he was teaching, and said, By what authority doest thou these things? and who gave thee this authority?

24And Jesus answered and said unto them, I also will ask you one thing, which if ye tell me, I in like wise will tell you by what authority I do these things.

25The baptism of John, whence was it? from heaven, or of men? And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say unto us, Why did ye not then believe him?

26But if we shall say, Of men; we fear the people; for all hold John as a prophet.

27And they answered Jesus, and said, We cannot tell. And he said unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things.

Matthew 21:28-32

Two Sons Give Different Answers

Two sons become the subject of Jesus' next question to the leaders. Their father sends each to work in his vineyard, a field of grapevines. The first refuses but later changes his mind and goes. The second agrees politely but never does the work. The leaders say the first obeyed his father. Jesus applies their answer to them. Tax collectors and women who sell sex believed John's call to turn from sin. They enter God's kingdom ahead of these leaders. The leaders saw that change yet still refused to believe. A good-sounding answer does not replace the change of heart that leads to action.

In everyday life

A teenage son refuses to help stack firewood behind the house. An hour later he pulls on gloves and carries the logs inside. His brother agrees at once but stays on the sofa until the work is done. Their father can see whose answer became action. Jesus compares responses to God's call, not a household chore.

Notice

Matthew 21:32 Seeing others change gives the leaders another chance to respond. Jesus says they refused even after that evidence, so their fault is more than an early doubt.

Matthew 21:28-32

King James Version

28But what think ye? A certain man had two sons; and he came to the first, and said, Son, go work to day in my vineyard.

29He answered and said, I will not: but afterward he repented, and went.

30And he came to the second, and said likewise. And he answered and said, I go, sir: and went not.

31Whether of them twain did the will of his father? They say unto him, The first. Jesus saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That the publicans and the harlots go into the kingdom of God before you.

32For John came unto you in the way of righteousness, and ye believed him not: but the publicans and the harlots believed him: and ye, when ye had seen it, repented not afterward, that ye might believe him.

Matthew 21:33-46

Tenants Reject the Owner’s Son

Jesus describes tenants who refuse to give a vineyard's owner his share. They beat and kill his servants, then kill his son to seize the land. Asked what follows, the leaders say the owner will destroy them and choose faithful tenants. Jesus recalls Scripture about a stone rejected by builders becoming the key stone. God will take the kingdom from these leaders and give it to people who bear its fruit. Rejection will not defeat God's chosen one, and resisting him brings ruin. The chief priests and Pharisees, a group strict about religious law, realise he means them. They want to seize him but fear the crowd.

In everyday life

A victim-support advocate lays a chain of ignored warnings before an inquiry panel. Each dated letter shows that those in charge treated requests for truth as threats to their control. Families wait for the panel to name who failed them. Jesus' account includes murdered messengers and God's judgement, not only an inquiry into abuse of trust.

Notice

Matthew 21:45 The leaders understand the accusation clearly. Their wish to seize Jesus then shows the same rejection that they have condemned in the tenants.

Matthew 21:33-46

King James Version

33Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country:

34And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it.

35And the husbandmen took his servants, and beat one, and killed another, and stoned another.

36Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they did unto them likewise.

37But last of all he sent unto them his son, saying, They will reverence my son.

38But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and let us seize on his inheritance.

39And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him.

40When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen?

41They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons.

42Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?

43Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof.

44And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.

45And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them.

46But when they sought to lay hands on him, they feared the multitude, because they took him for a prophet.

Details worth noticing

46verses in this reading
6major movements
13verses with speech
8questions in the KJV text

The opening image

Matthew 21:1 begins with “And when they drew nigh unto Jerusalem, and were come to Bethphage, unto the mount of Olives, then sent Jesus two disciples,”

Where the chapter turns

Matthew 21:23 forms a natural hinge: “And when he was come into the temple, the chief priests and the elders of the people came unto him as he was teaching, and said, By what authority doest…”

The final note

Matthew 21:46 leaves the reader with “But when they sought to lay hands on him, they feared the multitude, because they took him for a prophet.”

A word trail through the chapter

The words Jesus, husbandmen, tell, temple, vineyard, authority help reveal the chapter’s repeated concerns.

KJV words made clear

husbandmen
Tenant farmers who work land that belongs to someone else.
publicans
Collectors of taxes, often despised by the people who paid them.

Music and video connected to the passage

Related media appears when its Scripture reference overlaps this study. Music and video can illuminate a theme while the biblical text remains the foundation.

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Source: eBible.org · eng-kjv2006