Jeremiah 6

Jeremiah 6

The big picture

Jeremiah 6 opens in verse 1 with “O ye children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of Jerusalem, and…”, reaches its middle movement near verse 15 with “Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination? nay, they were not at all…”, and closes in verse 30 with “Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.” Repeated or prominent terms include LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear. Together, those details trace this chapter’s own movement from its opening to its conclusion.

Scripture beside the summary

Jeremiah · King James Version · 30

Jeremiah 6:1-8

1–8: O ye children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of…

Jeremiah 6:1–8 opens with “O ye children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of Jerusalem, and blow the…” and reaches “Be thou instructed, O Jerusalem, lest my soul depart from thee; lest I make thee desolate, a…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear, with particular weight carried by Jerusalem, arise, casteth.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “O ye children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of Jerusalem, and blow…” By verse 4, the text has turned to “Prepare ye war against her; arise, and let us go up at noon. Woe unto us! for the day goeth…” It lands on “Be thou instructed, O Jerusalem, lest my soul depart from thee; lest I make thee desolate, a…” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 1 verse with a speech marker, 1 verse naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Accusation, warning, invitation to return, judgment, and hope each do different work. The prophet’s first audience anchors later questions about fulfillment. Words such as Jerusalem, arise, casteth, lest, midst, appeareth tie the complete block together. The central idea, “Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Jerusalem, Arise, Benjamin, Beth, Hew, Prepare. Its number language includes one. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 4: “Prepare ye war against her; arise, and let us go up at noon. Woe unto us! for the day goeth away, for the shadows of the evening…” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: Jerusalem, arise, casteth, lest, midst, appeareth

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Jeremiah 6:1

    “O ye children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of Jerusalem, and blow the trumpet in Tekoa, and…” Naming Benjamin and Beth keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  2. Jeremiah 6:2

    “I have likened the daughter of Zion to a comely and delicate woman.” Naming Zion keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  3. Jeremiah 6:3

    “The shepherds with their flocks shall come unto her; they shall pitch their tents against her round about; they shall…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  4. Jeremiah 6:4

    “Prepare ye war against her; arise, and let us go up at noon. Woe unto us! for the day goeth away, for the shadows of…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  5. Jeremiah 6:5

    “Arise, and let us go by night, and let us destroy her palaces.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  6. Jeremiah 6:6

    “For thus hath the LORD of hosts said, Hew ye down trees, and cast a mount against Jerusalem: this is the city to be…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  7. Jeremiah 6:7

    “As a fountain casteth out her waters, so she casteth out her wickedness: violence and spoil is heard in her; before me…” The line’s distinctive content terms include casteth, continually, fountain. Its relationship to verses 6 and 8 shows what work it does in this passage.

  8. Jeremiah 6:8

    “Be thou instructed, O Jerusalem, lest my soul depart from thee; lest I make thee desolate, a land not inhabited.” Naming Jerusalem keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

Jeremiah 6:1-8

King James Version

1O ye children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of Jerusalem, and blow the trumpet in Tekoa, and set up a sign of fire in Beth-haccerem: for evil appeareth out of the north, and great destruction.

2I have likened the daughter of Zion to a comely and delicate woman.

3The shepherds with their flocks shall come unto her; they shall pitch their tents against her round about; they shall feed every one in his place.

4Prepare ye war against her; arise, and let us go up at noon. Woe unto us! for the day goeth away, for the shadows of the evening are stretched out.

5Arise, and let us go by night, and let us destroy her palaces.

6For thus hath the LORD of hosts said, Hew ye down trees, and cast a mount against Jerusalem: this is the city to be visited; she is wholly oppression in the midst of her.

7As a fountain casteth out her waters, so she casteth out her wickedness: violence and spoil is heard in her; before me continually is grief and wounds.

8Be thou instructed, O Jerusalem, lest my soul depart from thee; lest I make thee desolate, a land not inhabited.

Jeremiah 6:9-16

9–16: Thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall throughly glean the remnant of…

Jeremiah 6:9–16 opens with “Thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall throughly glean the remnant of Israel as a vine: turn…” and reaches “Thus saith the LORD , Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear, with particular weight carried by LORD, peace, ashamed.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “Thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall throughly glean the remnant of Israel as a vine…” By verse 12, the text has turned to “And their houses shall be turned unto others, with their fields and wives together: for I…” It lands on “Thus saith the LORD , Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the…” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 1 verse with a speech marker, 2 questions, 1 stated contrast, 6 verses naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Accusation, warning, invitation to return, judgment, and hope each do different work. The prophet’s first audience anchors later questions about fulfillment. Words such as LORD, peace, ashamed, fall, full, hand tie the complete block together. The central idea, “Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Israel, Peace, Stand, Were. Its number language includes one. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 11: “Therefore I am full of the fury of the LORD ; I am weary with holding in: I will pour it out upon the children abroad, and upon…” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: LORD, peace, ashamed, fall, full, hand

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Jeremiah 6:9

    “Thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall throughly glean the remnant of Israel as a vine: turn back thine hand as a…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  2. Jeremiah 6:10

    “To whom shall I speak, and give warning, that they may hear? behold, their ear is uncircumcised, and they cannot…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.

  3. Jeremiah 6:11

    “Therefore I am full of the fury of the LORD ; I am weary with holding in: I will pour it out upon the children abroad…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  4. Jeremiah 6:12

    “And their houses shall be turned unto others, with their fields and wives together: for I will stretch out my hand…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  5. Jeremiah 6:13

    “For from the least of them even unto the greatest of them every one is given to covetousness; and from the prophet…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  6. Jeremiah 6:14

    “They have healed also the hurt of the daughter of my people slightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace.” Naming Peace keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  7. Jeremiah 6:15

    “Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination? nay, they were not at all ashamed, neither could they blush…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.

  8. Jeremiah 6:16

    “Thus saith the LORD , Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the good way, and walk…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

Jeremiah 6:9-16

King James Version

9Thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall throughly glean the remnant of Israel as a vine: turn back thine hand as a grapegatherer into the baskets.

10To whom shall I speak, and give warning, that they may hear? behold, their ear is uncircumcised, and they cannot hearken: behold, the word of the LORD is unto them a reproach; they have no delight in it.

11Therefore I am full of the fury of the LORD ; I am weary with holding in: I will pour it out upon the children abroad, and upon the assembly of young men together: for even the husband with the wife shall be taken, the aged with him that is full of days.

12And their houses shall be turned unto others, with their fields and wives together: for I will stretch out my hand upon the inhabitants of the land, saith the LORD .

13For from the least of them even unto the greatest of them every one is given to covetousness; and from the prophet even unto the priest every one dealeth falsely.

14They have healed also the hurt of the daughter of my people slightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace.

15Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination? nay, they were not at all ashamed, neither could they blush: therefore they shall fall among them that fall: at the time that I visit them they shall be cast down, saith the LORD .

16Thus saith the LORD , Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the good way, and walk therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls. But they said, We will not walk therein.

Jeremiah 6:17-24

17–24: Also I set watchmen over you, saying, Hearken to the sound of the…

Jeremiah 6:17–24 opens with “Also I set watchmen over you, saying, Hearken to the sound of the trumpet. But they said, We…” and reaches “We have heard the fame thereof: our hands wax feeble: anguish hath taken hold of us, and pain…” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear, with particular weight carried by people, cometh, country.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “Also I set watchmen over you, saying, Hearken to the sound of the trumpet. But they said, We…” By verse 20, the text has turned to “To what purpose cometh there to me incense from Sheba, and the sweet cane from a far…” It lands on “We have heard the fame thereof: our hands wax feeble: anguish hath taken hold of us, and…” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 1 verse with a speech marker, 1 question, 2 stated contrasts, 2 verses naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Accusation, warning, invitation to return, judgment, and hope each do different work. The prophet’s first audience anchors later questions about fulfillment. Words such as people, cometh, country, earth, hear, hearken tie the complete block together. The central idea, “Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Also, Hear, Hearken, Sheba, Zion. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 20: “To what purpose cometh there to me incense from Sheba, and the sweet cane from a far country? your burnt offerings are not…” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: people, cometh, country, earth, hear, hearken

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Jeremiah 6:17

    “Also I set watchmen over you, saying, Hearken to the sound of the trumpet. But they said, We will not hearken.” Naming Also and Hearken keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  2. Jeremiah 6:18

    “Therefore hear, ye nations, and know, O congregation, what is among them.” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  3. Jeremiah 6:19

    “Hear, O earth: behold, I will bring evil upon this people, even the fruit of their thoughts, because they have not…” Naming Hear keeps the account rooted in particular people or places. Follow where the name returns and what changes around it.

  4. Jeremiah 6:20

    “To what purpose cometh there to me incense from Sheba, and the sweet cane from a far country? your burnt offerings are…” The question slows the passage down. Notice who is being pressed to answer, what the question assumes, and whether the next lines provide a response.

  5. Jeremiah 6:21

    “Therefore thus saith the LORD , Behold, I will lay stumblingblocks before this people, and the fathers and the sons…” This line supplies a reason, result, or conclusion. It should stay attached to the claim or action that gives it meaning.

  6. Jeremiah 6:22

    “Thus saith the LORD , Behold, a people cometh from the north country, and a great nation shall be raised from the…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  7. Jeremiah 6:23

    “They shall lay hold on bow and spear; they are cruel, and have no mercy; their voice roareth like the sea; and they…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  8. Jeremiah 6:24

    “We have heard the fame thereof: our hands wax feeble: anguish hath taken hold of us, and pain, as of a woman in…” The line’s distinctive content terms include anguish, fame, feeble. Its relationship to verses 23 shows what work it does in this passage.

Jeremiah 6:17-24

King James Version

17Also I set watchmen over you, saying, Hearken to the sound of the trumpet. But they said, We will not hearken.

18Therefore hear, ye nations, and know, O congregation, what is among them.

19Hear, O earth: behold, I will bring evil upon this people, even the fruit of their thoughts, because they have not hearkened unto my words, nor to my law, but rejected it.

20To what purpose cometh there to me incense from Sheba, and the sweet cane from a far country? your burnt offerings are not acceptable, nor your sacrifices sweet unto me.

21Therefore thus saith the LORD , Behold, I will lay stumblingblocks before this people, and the fathers and the sons together shall fall upon them; the neighbour and his friend shall perish.

22Thus saith the LORD , Behold, a people cometh from the north country, and a great nation shall be raised from the sides of the earth.

23They shall lay hold on bow and spear; they are cruel, and have no mercy; their voice roareth like the sea; and they ride upon horses, set in array as men for war against thee, O daughter of Zion.

24We have heard the fame thereof: our hands wax feeble: anguish hath taken hold of us, and pain, as of a woman in travail.

Jeremiah 6:25-30

25–30: Go not forth into the field, nor walk by the way; for the sword of the…

Jeremiah 6:25–30 opens with “Go not forth into the field, nor walk by the way; for the sword of the enemy and fear is on…” and reaches “Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.” by its final verse. That movement develops the focus on Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear, with particular weight carried by people, ashes, bellows.

Deep dive

The movement opens with “Go not forth into the field, nor walk by the way; for the sword of the enemy and fear is on…” By verse 27, the text has turned to “I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try…” It lands on “Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.” The distance between those lines matters as much as any isolated phrase. The passage has a voice and pulse of its own, including 1 verse naming the LORD or God. Those features reveal where the narrative slows down, speaks directly, or changes direction.

Accusation, warning, invitation to return, judgment, and hope each do different work. The prophet’s first audience anchors later questions about fulfillment. Words such as people, ashes, bellows, bitter, brass, burned tie the complete block together. The central idea, “Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear,” should remain answerable to the text. Some conclusions are explicit, some gather support across several verses, and others remain strong inferences or interpretations.

Names or load-bearing terms in this scene include Reprobate. The nearest hinge to the center comes in verse 27: “I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try their way.” That detail helps separate the opening situation from what the passage changes next.

Words to trace: people, ashes, bellows, bitter, brass, burned

Verse-by-verse path

  1. Jeremiah 6:25

    “Go not forth into the field, nor walk by the way; for the sword of the enemy and fear is on every side.” The line’s distinctive content terms include enemy, fear, field. Its relationship to verses 26 shows what work it does in this passage.

  2. Jeremiah 6:26

    “O daughter of my people, gird thee with sackcloth, and wallow thyself in ashes: make thee mourning, as for an only…” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

  3. Jeremiah 6:27

    “I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try their way.” The line’s distinctive content terms include fortress, know, mayest. Its relationship to verses 26 and 28 shows what work it does in this passage.

  4. Jeremiah 6:28

    “They are all grievous revolters, walking with slanders: they are brass and iron; they are all corrupters.” The line’s distinctive content terms include brass, corrupters, grievous. Its relationship to verses 27 and 29 shows what work it does in this passage.

  5. Jeremiah 6:29

    “The bellows are burned, the lead is consumed of the fire; the founder melteth in vain: for the wicked are not plucked…” The line’s distinctive content terms include bellows, burned, consumed. Its relationship to verses 28 and 30 shows what work it does in this passage.

  6. Jeremiah 6:30

    “Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.” The command cannot be understood from the verb alone. Its recipient, purpose, and place in the larger covenant or argument define the responsibility.

Jeremiah 6:25-30

King James Version

25Go not forth into the field, nor walk by the way; for the sword of the enemy and fear is on every side.

26O daughter of my people, gird thee with sackcloth, and wallow thyself in ashes: make thee mourning, as for an only son, most bitter lamentation: for the spoiler shall suddenly come upon us.

27I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try their way.

28They are all grievous revolters, walking with slanders: they are brass and iron; they are all corrupters.

29The bellows are burned, the lead is consumed of the fire; the founder melteth in vain: for the wicked are not plucked away.

30Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.

Resources gathered for this chapter

The story map and deeper reflection are available as distinct resources alongside this teaching plan. Each opens on its own page.

Level 1 story resourceMade for curious teens and first-time readers. Short story movements, strong visuals, helpful KJV word notes, and surprising details keep each chapter moving.Level 2 depth resourceRooted in the KJV text, with philosophical and theological depth that identifies Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Jewish, and Messianic Jewish perspectives when they materially differ.

A chapter-specific teaching brief

These anchors come from this chapter itself. They help a teacher use the Level 1 story map, the Level 2 analysis, and the Scripture text as one lesson.

1

Open with the chapter’s first image

Jeremiah 6:1: “O ye children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of Jerusalem, and blow the trumpet in Tekoa, and set up a sign of fire in…”

2

Slow down at the turning point

Jeremiah 6:15: “Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination? nay, they were not at all ashamed, neither could they blush: therefore they shall fall among them…”

3

Keep this word trail visible

LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear, hearken

Observation and teaching prompt

  1. Identify the historical crisis, covenant failure, warning, and promised hope.
  2. Distinguish the prophet’s immediate audience from later biblical connections.
  3. Do not turn present-day headlines into confident fulfillment claims without textual evidence.

Text first

Where readers differ

The chapter summary begins with what the passage says and how its parts fit together. It does not assume one denomination has already settled every question. Where a conclusion depends on a tradition, literary theory, or historical reconstruction, that dependence is named openly.

The KJV text is presented first. Interpretive conclusions are labeled, and differences are introduced only when they help a reader understand why serious communities do not always reach the same answer.

Comparative interpretive notes for this chapter are in preparation. Until reviewed notes are ready, this page separates the KJV text from summary and application without claiming that serious readers agree on every question.

Learning objectives

  1. Place Jeremiah 6 within Jeremiah 6 and explain its role in Jeremiah.
  2. Describe from the text how the passage develops this focus: Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear.
  3. Distinguish an explicit statement, a Scripture-supported conclusion, and an interpretation.
  4. Explain how prophecy shapes a responsible reading of this unit.
  5. Compare a related song or video with the passage, then return to the text to test it.
  6. Form a personal and communal response that does not exceed the evidence of Scripture.

Teacher preparation

  1. Read Jeremiah 6 twice, then read the material immediately before and after it.
  2. Review the book movement: Jeremiah 6 (Jeremiah 6).
  3. Mark speakers, actions, repeated words, commands, contrasts, promises, and consequences.
  4. Preview each related song or video and note where it condenses, interprets, or dramatizes the text.
  5. Prepare a participation option that lets learners respond without forced personal disclosure.

Evidence and interpretation checks

Explicit

Record two claims that Jeremiah 6 states directly and cite the verses.

Scripture-supported

Form one conclusion that joins several parts of Jeremiah 6. Show each step.

Strong inference

Identify a conclusion that follows the text closely even though it is not stated in one sentence.

Possible or traditional reading

Where responsible readings differ, present the difference without turning it into certainty.

Limit

Do not use speculation as a teaching conclusion.

Discussion with answer guidance

1. What does Jeremiah 6 state directly about God, people, or the situation?

Show teacher guidance

Begin with the passage’s words and actions. Require an exact verse before accepting a conclusion.

2. How does this focus develop across the passage: Jeremiah 6 develops its own movement around LORD, people, daughter, fall, hear?

Show teacher guidance

Trace the opening, change, and outcome. Do not rely on one sentence when the unit presents a sequence.

3. Which word, action, contrast, or response repeats, and what work does it do?

Show teacher guidance

Repetition may signal structure or emphasis, but explain its meaning inside the immediate context.

4. How does this unit contribute to the Jeremiah 6 movement?

Show teacher guidance

Compare the unit with what comes before and after it in the same book.

5. What interpretive caution does prophecy require here?

Show teacher guidance

Identify the first audience, historical crisis, covenant charge, warning, call to return, and promised hope before considering later fulfillment.

6. What faithful response follows for an individual and for a community?

Show teacher guidance

Form a concrete, proportionate response. Do not turn a description into a command without evidence.

Responsible application

Heart and habits

Name one belief, desire, or practice that Jeremiah 6 corrects, strengthens, or redirects.

Relationships and community

Form one action that protects dignity, truth, justice, mercy, or faithfulness in a real relationship.

Worship and prayer

Write a prayer using the vocabulary and concerns of the passage.

Service and witness

Choose one observable response for this week and one person who can support accountability.

Audience adaptations

Children

Use a short reading block, a people-and-actions map, and one concrete response. Explain difficult vocabulary before reading.

Youth

Ask learners to identify pressure, loyalty, power, and consequences. Permit written responses without public disclosure.

Adults

Add literary and historical context, compare responsible readings, and require evidence for each claim.

Intergenerational group

Pair different ages, assign observation before interpretation, and close with a shared prayer.

Online or at home

Send the reference in advance, use media as an observation pause, and gather responses in a shared document.

Complete 75-minute teaching path

A shorter group can omit the extended discussion while preserving the Scripture reading, evidence check, and closing response.

5 min

Orient the group

Name the book, Jeremiah 6, genre, and central question. Explain that every conclusion will be checked against the text.

15 min

Read the complete unit

Read aloud or silently. Learners mark speakers, repetitions, commands, contrasts, and changes.

15 min

Work through the reading blocks

Summarize each block in one sentence and record the verse that supports the summary.

10 min

Use a song or video

Play one related resource. Compare its emphasis and omissions with the passage.

15 min

Discuss from evidence

Use the questions and require a Scripture reference for every major answer.

10 min

Form responsible application

Develop one personal and one communal response. Avoid promises or commands that the text does not establish.

5 min

Summarize and pray

Let each learner complete one sentence about the passage. Pray with its vocabulary and concerns.

Song and video learning lab

A song or video may interpret, compress, or dramatize the text. Its value becomes clearer when its choices are compared with Scripture.

  1. Before the media: the exact passage and its central movement.
  2. During the media: the words, people, events, and emotions the artist emphasizes.
  3. After the media: what it clarifies, what it leaves out, and what belongs back in the biblical text.